A patient comes to the clinic complaining of seasonal rhinitis. What adrenergic agonist will be prescribed for seasonal rhinitis?

Norepinephrine (Levophed)

Dopamine (Intropin)

Ephedrine (generic)

Dobutamine (Dobutrex)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A) Norepinephrine (Levophed): Norepinephrine is a potent vasoconstrictor primarily used in acute hypotensive states to raise blood pressure. It is not indicated for the treatment of seasonal rhinitis, as its primary effect is not on the nasal passages or the symptoms associated with allergies, such as congestion.

B) Dopamine (Intropin): Dopamine is typically used in critical care settings for conditions such as shock and low blood pressure. While it affects dopaminergic and adrenergic receptors to improve renal perfusion and increase heart rate, it is not used to treat conditions like seasonal rhinitis, which involve nasal congestion.

C) Ephedrine (generic): Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic drug that stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors, leading to vasoconstriction in the nasal passages and a reduction in swelling and congestion. This makes it a suitable choice for managing the symptoms of seasonal rhinitis, as it helps relieve nasal congestion by constricting blood vessels in the nasal mucosa.

D) Dobutamine (Dobutrex): Dobutamine is primarily used in the treatment of heart failure and shock because it increases heart rate and cardiac output. It does not have the properties needed to alleviate nasal congestion in rhinitis and is therefore not appropriate for this condition.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) Myasthenia gravis (MG):
Weakness of the extremities and diplopia (double vision) are hallmark symptoms of myasthenia gravis, an autoimmune disorder that affects the neuromuscular junction. In MG, antibodies attack acetylcholine receptors, leading to muscle weakness that worsens with activity and improves with rest. The weakness typically affects voluntary muscles, including those responsible for eye movement, which leads to symptoms such as diplopia and ptosis (drooping eyelids).

B) Multiple sclerosis (MS):
Multiple sclerosis involves the demyelination of neurons in the central nervous system, leading to a variety of neurological symptoms. While MS can cause weakness and visual disturbances, the typical symptoms of MS include fatigue, muscle spasticity, ataxia, and sensory deficits. Diplopia can occur in MS but is usually accompanied by other neurological signs such as numbness, tingling, or loss of coordination.

C) Cerebral palsy (CP):
Cerebral palsy is a group of disorders affecting movement and posture due to non-progressive brain injury or abnormal brain development, often occurring in early childhood. While CP can cause muscle weakness and coordination issues, it does not typically present with diplopia. Instead, it often involves spasticity, motor impairment, and difficulty with fine motor tasks.

D) Parkinson disease (PD):
Parkinson disease is characterized by tremors, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), rigidity, and postural instability. While PD can lead to muscle weakness and visual issues like blurred vision, it is not typically associated with diplopia as a primary symptom. The hallmark motor symptoms are primarily related to tremor and difficulty initiating movements rather than generalized weakness and double vision.

A. Excessive salivation B. Respiratory paralysis C. Muscle weakness D. Muscle spasms

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) Excessive salivation: Neostigmine (Prostigmin) is a cholinesterase inhibitor, which works by increasing the levels of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions. If a dose is missed, excessive salivation can be a side effect of too much acetylcholine activity, but it is not the most immediate symptom in this case. Muscle weakness is a more direct consequence of a missed dose.

B) Respiratory paralysis: While respiratory weakness or paralysis can occur in myasthenia gravis, it is usually associated with a severe form of the disease or if the patient is in a myasthenic crisis. A single missed dose of neostigmine typically does not result in respiratory failure unless the patient is already in a very fragile state.

C) Muscle weakness: Neostigmine helps to improve neuromuscular transmission by inhibiting the breakdown of acetylcholine, which is crucial for muscle contraction. A missed dose would directly lead to a reduction in acetylcholine levels, exacerbating the characteristic muscle weakness of myasthenia gravis. Muscle weakness is the most anticipated symptom when neostigmine is not administered on time.

D) Muscle spasms: Muscle spasms are typically not a symptom of missed neostigmine therapy. Instead, muscle weakness occurs due to impaired neuromuscular transmission. Spasms might occur if there is significant overstimulation of the muscles, but this is more associated with electrolyte imbalances or other neuromuscular issues

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A patient comes to the clinic complaining of seasonal rhinitis. What adrenergic agonist will be prescribed for seasonal rhinitis?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient reports weakness of the extremities and diplopia. The nurse knows that these symptoms are characteristic of which condition?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse assumes care of a patient who has myasthenia gravis and notes that a dose of neostigmine (Prostigmin) due 1 hour prior was not given. The nurse will anticipate the patient to exhibit which symptoms?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is preparing to care for a patient who has myasthenia gravis. The nurse will be alert to symptoms affecting which body system in this patient?

46) While walking down the street, a cat jumps out of an alley into the pathway of an adult. They note that his /her heart is "racing." this response is primarily due to:

A client primary care provider prescribed a B-adrenergic receptor blocker. Which of the following therapeutic effects do the client and care provider likely seek?

The central nervous system (CNS) cells, where the impulses for the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) originate, are located where?

After the effector cell has being stimulated by acetylcholine (ACh), what enzyme stop the stimulation and allows the effector membrane to repolarize?

Which of the following catecholamines may have a vasodilator effect on renal blood vessels and be prescribed for a client in shock who are experiencing renal insufficiency manifestations?

The control system in the body acts in many ways to maintain homeostasis. These homeostasis control systems regulate the function of the cell, integrate the function of different organ systems, and do what else?

An older patient exhibits a shuffling gait, lack of facial expression, and tremors at rest. The nurse will expect the provider to order which medication for this patient?