A young woman, who lives alone, comes home at night to find a man in her apartment. What body responses would be expected for this young woman?
decreased sweating, decreased BP, and increased heart rate
Increased sweating, decreased respiratory rate, and increased BP
Pupil constriction, increased respiratory rate, and decreased heart rate
Increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, and pupil dilation
The Correct Answer is D
A) Decreased sweating, decreased BP, and increased heart rate: This combination does not reflect a typical stress response. In stressful or threatening situations, the body activates the sympathetic nervous system, leading to increased sweating, elevated blood pressure, and other physiological changes, rather than a decrease in blood pressure.
B) Increased sweating, decreased respiratory rate, and increased BP: In a stressful situation, sweating would indeed increase due to the activation of the sympathetic nervous system. However, the respiratory rate would typically increase, not decrease, as the body prepares for the "fight or flight" response. Increased blood pressure is expected, but decreased respiratory rate does not align with this response.
C) Pupil constriction, increased respiratory rate, and decreased heart rate: Pupil constriction is not characteristic of the "fight or flight" response; instead, pupil dilation occurs as part of the body's preparation to react to a threat. Increased respiratory rate and heart rate are typically seen during stress, but decreased heart rate would not be expected in such a situation.
D) Increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, and pupil dilation: This is the correct response. When faced with a threatening situation, the body activates the sympathetic nervous system, triggering the "fight or flight" response. This includes increased blood pressure and heart rate to prepare the body for action, as well as pupil dilation (mydriasis) to enhance vision and perception of the environment. These changes help the body respond quickly to a perceived danger.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A) A patient with hypotension:
Patients with hypotension may have reduced blood flow to organs, which could potentially decrease the absorption and effectiveness of many medications, including opioids. As a result, the need for a higher dose is not typical. Instead, careful dosing and monitoring are required to avoid further lowering blood pressure, which could lead to more complications.
B) A patient with a concussion:
Concussions affect the brain and can lead to symptoms like dizziness, confusion, or nausea, which may alter how medications are metabolized or tolerated. However, a concussion does not typically require higher opioid doses. In fact, opioids should be used cautiously in such patients due to the risk of exacerbating neurological symptoms or respiratory depression.
C) A patient 3 days after surgery:
Patients recovering from surgery may require pain management, but the opioid dose typically adjusts based on their pain levels and recovery stage. While some patients may still need opioids for pain control, they may not require higher-than-expected doses. Over time, doses are often tapered as healing progresses, and pain lessens.
D) A patient with cancer:
Cancer patients, particularly those with advanced stages or chronic pain, may develop increased opioid tolerance. This means that over time, they may require higher doses to achieve the same level of pain relief. This phenomenon is known as "opioid tolerance," where the body becomes less responsive to the drug, necessitating dose adjustments.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A) Reversal of bronchoconstriction: Narcotic antagonists are not used to reverse bronchoconstriction. Bronchoconstriction is typically managed with bronchodilators (such as beta-agonists) or corticosteroids. Narcotic antagonists, such as naloxone, specifically counteract the effects of opioids, not respiratory conditions like bronchoconstriction.
B) Reversal of tachycardia: Narcotic antagonists do not have an effect on reversing tachycardia. Tachycardia may result from various conditions, including stimulant use, dehydration, or heart conditions. Treatment for tachycardia typically involves addressing the underlying cause, such as using beta-blockers for cardiac issues, but not narcotic antagonists.
C) Treatment of alcohol dependence: While certain medications, like disulfiram or acamprosate, are used to treat alcohol dependence, narcotic antagonists are not typically indicated for alcohol dependence. Narcotic antagonists, such as naloxone, are primarily used for opioid overdose or dependence, not for alcohol use disorders.
D) Treatment of narcotic dependence: Narcotic antagonists, such as naloxone, are prescribed in the treatment of narcotic (opioid) dependence. These medications work by blocking the effects of opioids at the receptor sites, thereby preventing the "high" associated with opioid use. They are particularly useful in treating opioid overdoses and can also be used in the management of opioid addiction as part of a comprehensive treatment plan.
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