A patient has recently been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Which response best explains the etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS)?

The disease is prevalent in certain geographical locations.

There is a well-defined genetic cause.

Inflammatory processes are responsible for the signs and symptoms.

Ischemic lesions in the brain are responsible for the signs and symptoms.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. The disease is prevalent in certain geographical locations: This statement is true but does not explain the etiology of MS. Geographic prevalence does not address the underlying cause.

B. There is a well-defined genetic cause: While genetics may play a role in MS, there is no single well-defined genetic cause for the disease.

C. Inflammatory processes are responsible for the signs and symptoms: MS is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and demyelination of the central nervous system, leading to the signs and symptoms of the disease.

D. Ischemic lesions in the brain are responsible for the signs and symptoms: MS is primarily caused by demyelination rather than ischemic lesions.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Decreased respirations and CO2 retention: A thyrotoxic crisis (thyroid storm) typically involves increased, not decreased, respiratory rates and CO2 retention due to increased metabolic activity.

B. Seizures and extreme tachycardia: Thyrotoxic crisis is characterized by severe symptoms including extreme tachycardia, fever, and potentially seizures due to excessive thyroid hormone levels.

C. Constipation and a swollen abdomen: Constipation and abdominal swelling are more typical of hypothyroidism rather than a thyrotoxic crisis.

D. Hypotension and bradycardia: Thyrotoxic crisis usually causes tachycardia and hypertension rather than bradycardia and hypotension.

A. adherence to a low-fat diet. B. the administration of clot busting drugs. C. reporting any signs of heat or cold intolerance. D. avoiding red wine and chocolate.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Adherence to a low-fat diet: The patient likely experienced a transient ischemic attack (TIA), which is a warning sign for future strokes. A low-fat diet is recommended to help manage cholesterol and reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and stroke.

B. The administration of clot-busting drugs: Clot-busting drugs (thrombolytics) are used in the acute management of a stroke, but this patient’s symptoms resolved spontaneously, and the focus is on prevention.

C. Reporting any signs of heat or cold intolerance: This is unrelated to the prevention of stroke or management after a TIA.

D. Avoiding red wine and chocolate: While moderation in alcohol and certain foods is generally advised for overall health, this specific recommendation does not address the primary concern of preventing future cerebrovascular events.

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A patient has recently been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Which response best explains the etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS)?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

During a workshop, a pathophysiology instructor is teaching a group of students about hypothyroidism. Which statement identifies why hypothyroidism is rarely seen in the U.S. (United States)?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A patient presents to the emergency department (ED) with a two-hour history of hemiparesis of the right arm and leg. These symptoms spontaneously resolve within 4 hours of her arrival to the emergency department (ED). The nurse will anticipate teaching the patient about

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A patient with leukocytosis, fever and left lower quadrant (LLQ) pain will most likely have a diagnosis of

A patient is diagnosed with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Which clinical manifestations are expected?

A patient is newly diagnosed with Crohn's disease. Which S&S (sign and symptom) is the patient likely to exhibit?

A. High unconjugated, low direct: In liver disease, both conjugated (direct) and unconjugated bilirubin levels are typically elevated.

Which of the following symptoms might indicate that the patient is now experiencing a thyrotoxic crisis following the diagnosis of Graves' disease?

A patient, diagnosed with alcoholic liver disease and cirrhosis, presents to his healthcare provider because he vomited something that looked like coffee grounds. Which health problem would the care team first suspect?

A patient presents to the emergency department (ED) with malaise, nausea and "yellow eyes." A diagnosis of hepatitis A (HAV) is confirmed. Which statement, by the registered nurse (RN), indicates an understanding of this illness?