A nurse is assessing a patient diagnosed with Addison's disease. Which clinical manifestations are expected?

Moon face, buffalo hump, and hyperglycemia

Hirsutism, fever, and irritability

Anorexia, fatigue and hypotension

Tachycardia, exophthalmos, and goiter

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Moon face, buffalo hump, and hyperglycemia: These manifestations are associated with Cushing's disease, not Addison's disease.

B. Hirsutism, fever, and irritability: These symptoms are not characteristic of Addison's disease.

C. Anorexia, fatigue, and hypotension: Addison's disease often presents with symptoms like anorexia, fatigue, hypotension, and hyperpigmentation of the skin.

D. Tachycardia, exophthalmos, and goiter: These symptoms are associated with hyperthyroidism, not Addison's disease.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Hyperproteinemia and increased drug effect: In cirrhosis, hypoproteinemia (low protein levels) occurs due to decreased protein synthesis by the liver, and drug metabolism is often impaired, leading to increased drug effects, but hyperproteinemia is not a typical finding.

B. Hyperkalemia and fluid retention: While fluid retention is common due to hypoalbuminemia and portal hypertension, hyperkalemia is not a direct consequence of hepatocyte dysfunction.

C. Hypercortisolism and increased infection risk: Hypercortisolism is not typically associated with cirrhosis. However, increased infection risk is common due to compromised immune function.

D. An elevated blood glucose and ammonia level: In cirrhosis, the liver's ability to metabolize ammonia is impaired, leading to elevated levels. Additionally, impaired glucose metabolism can result in hyperglycemia.

A. The brain cells became edematous because of a blood to tissue shift of fluid. B. Hyperinsulinemia caused hypoglycemia and a tonic clonic seizure. C. The brain cells became dehydrated because of fluid shirting out of the cells. D. Fluid volume overload caused higher pressure in the brain tissue

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. The brain cells became edematous because of a blood to tissue shift of fluid: This describes cerebral edema, which is not typically caused by hyperglycemia.

B. Hyperinsulinemia caused hypoglycemia and a tonic-clonic seizure: The scenario describes hyperglycemia, not hypoglycemia.

C. The brain cells became dehydrated because of fluid shifting out of the cells:. In hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS), extremely high blood glucose leads to increased serum osmolality, causing water to move out of brain cells, leading to dehydration and altered consciousness.

D. Fluid volume overload caused higher pressure in the brain tissue: Fluid volume overload is not the primary issue in this scenario; rather, dehydration is the concern due to hyperglycemia.

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A nurse is assessing a patient diagnosed with Addison's disease. Which clinical manifestations are expected?

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