A patient has symptoms that are characteristic of multiple sclerosis (MS). Which diagnostic tests are likely to be ordered to aid in the diagnosis of this patient?

Choice A rationale

Using an “ouch” scale, such as the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale, is appropriate for young children. It allows them to express their pain intensity in a way that is understandable and relatable to their age group.

Choice B rationale

Encouraging a six-year-old to request pain medication may not be effective, as they might not understand when they need it or might be reluctant to ask.

Choice C rationale

Waiting to administer pain medication until the child begins to cry can delay pain relief, leading to unnecessary discomfort and anxiety.

Choice D rationale

Asking a young child to rate their pain on a scale of 1 to 10 might be confusing and less effective than using a more child-friendly method like the “ouch” scale.

Choice A rationale

The rebound effect is typically associated with decongestants rather than topical nasal steroids. It occurs when nasal congestion worsens after stopping decongestant use.

Choice B rationale

Local ulceration is a potential adverse reaction to topical nasal steroids due to the localized irritation and thinning of the nasal mucosa with prolonged use.

Choice C rationale

Increased nasal drainage is not a common adverse reaction to topical nasal steroids. These medications typically reduce inflammation and decrease nasal drainage.

Choice D rationale

Suppression of healing is not an adverse reaction associated with topical nasal steroids. These drugs are more likely to reduce inflammation and promote healing of the nasal mucosa.