A patient is brought to the emergency department with shortness of breath, a respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute, intercostal retractions, and frothy, pink sputum. The nurse caring for this patient will expect to administer which drug?

Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL)

Furosemide (Lasix)

Mannitol (Osmitrol)

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Hydrochlorothiazide is for chronic hypertension, not acute pulmonary edema. Furosemide acts rapidly to relieve fluid overload, so this is incorrect for emergency use.

Choice B reason: Furosemide is the drug of choice for pulmonary edema, rapidly reducing fluid overload and relieving symptoms like frothy sputum. This is the correct choice.

Choice C reason: Mannitol is used for cerebral edema, not pulmonary edema. Furosemide targets acute fluid overload in the lungs, so this is incorrect for this scenario.

Choice D reason: Spironolactone is for chronic heart failure, not acute pulmonary edema. Furosemide’s rapid diuresis is needed, so this is incorrect for immediate treatment.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Respiratory acidosis involves low pH and high PaCO2. Normal PaCO2 (44) and low HCO3- (12) point to metabolic acidosis, not respiratory, so this incorrect.

Choice B reason: Metabolic alkalosis has high pH and HCO3-. Low pH (7.31) and low HCO3- (12) rule this out, indicating metabolic acidosis, so this is incorrect.

Choice C reason: Low pH (7.31) and low HCO3- (12) with normal PaCO2 confirm metabolic acidosis, where acid accumulation lowers pH. This matches, making it the correct choice.

Choice D reason: Respiratory alkalosis has high pH and low PaCO2. Low pH and normal PaCO2 exclude this, pointing to metabolic acidosis, so this is incorrect.

A. I should notify my child’s pediatrician if I notice mood changes in my child. B. I will give this medication to my child if I hear them wheezing. C. This medication can cure my child’s asthma. D. I should give this medication twice daily.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Montelukast can cause mood changes or neuropsychiatric effects in children. Recognizing this side effect and notifying the pediatrician shows understanding, making this the correct statement.

Choice B reason: Montelukast is a daily maintenance drug, not for acute wheezing, which requires albuterol. This misunderstanding of its use makes it incorrect for proper administration.

Choice C reason: Montelukast controls asthma symptoms but does not cure asthma, a chronic condition. This incorrect belief about its purpose makes it wrong for understanding the medication.

Choice D reason: Montelukast is dosed once daily, typically at bedtime, not twice daily. This dosing error indicates a lack of understanding, making it incorrect for the parent’s statement.

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A patient is brought to the emergency department with shortness of breath, a respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute, intercostal retractions, and frothy, pink sputum. The nurse caring for this patient will expect to administer which drug?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Name the following Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) values: pH 7.31, PaCO2 44, HCO3- 12

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A 7-year-old child with asthma uses a daily inhaled glucocorticoid and an albuterol MDI as needed. The provider has added montelukast (Singulair) to the child’s regimen. Which statement by the child’s parent indicates understanding of this medication?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is giving an enteral medication. The patient asks why this method is preferable for this drug. How will the nurse reply?

Name the pulmonary imbalance using the following Arterial blood Gas (ABG) values: pH 7.41, PaCO2 46, HCO3- 30

A patient is taking a drug that has known toxic side effects. What will the nurse do?

A patient has had blood pressures of 150/95 and 148/90 mm Hg on two separate office visits. The patient reports a blood pressure of 145/92 mm Hg taken in an ambulatory setting. The patient’s diagnostic tests are all normal. The nurse will expect this patient’s provider to order

Name the imbalance using the following Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) values: pH 7.31, PaCO2 41, HCO3- 20

The healthcare provider orders Benadryl 40 mg IM now. The available concentration is 25 mg/mL. How many mL will the patient receive?

A patient is brought to the emergency department with shortness of breath, a respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute, intercostal retractions, and frothy, pink sputum. The nurse caring for this patient will expect to administer which drug?

Two nurses are discussing the theories of drug-receptor interaction. Which statements are true regarding the affinity of a drug and for its receptor? (Select all that apply)