The nurse is caring for a patient who has jaundice, dark urine, malaise, light-colored stools, nausea, and vomiting. What is this patient most likely experiencing?

An allergic reaction

An idiosyncratic drug effect on the bone marrow

Iatrogenic disease of the skin

Drug toxicity of the liver

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Allergic reactions typically present with symptoms like rash, itching, or anaphylaxis, not jaundice, dark urine, or light stools. These symptoms indicate hepatobiliary dysfunction, not an immune-mediated response. Allergic reactions don’t typically affect liver function or bile excretion, making this choice inconsistent with the patient’s clinical presentation.

Choice B reason: Idiosyncratic drug effects on bone marrow cause hematologic issues like anemia or leukopenia, not jaundice or light stools. These symptoms suggest liver dysfunction, as bile pigment changes cause dark urine and pale stools. Bone marrow effects don’t explain the hepatobiliary symptoms, making this choice incorrect.

Choice C reason: Iatrogenic skin disease might involve rashes or lesions, but jaundice, dark urine, and light stools point to liver or bile duct issues. These symptoms result from impaired bilirubin metabolism, not cutaneous pathology. This choice doesn’t align with the systemic hepatobiliary symptoms described, making it incorrect.

Choice D reason: Drug-induced liver toxicity, such as from acetaminophen or statins, impairs bilirubin metabolism, causing jaundice, dark urine (bilirubinuria), and light stools (reduced bile). Malaise, nausea, and vomiting reflect systemic effects of liver dysfunction. This matches the patient’s symptoms, making it the most likely diagnosis and correct choice.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Selectivity ensures a drug targets specific receptors, minimizing side effects. This is a key property of an ideal drug, making it a correct choice.

Choice B reason: Safety is critical, ensuring the drug causes minimal harm at therapeutic doses. This is a fundamental ideal drug property, so it is correct.

Choice C reason: Effectiveness ensures the drug achieves its intended therapeutic effect. This is essential for an ideal drug, making it a correct choice.

Choice D reason: Irreversible action is not ideal; reversible effects allow control and safety. The ‘Big Three’ focus on efficacy, safety, and selectivity, so this is incorrect.

Choice E reason: A trade name aids marketing but is not a pharmacological property. Effectiveness, safety, and selectivity are primary, so this is incorrect.

A. Administer Lasix as ordered B. Place the patient on oxygen C. Hold the Lasix and notify the physician D. Begin a 24-hour urine collection

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, promotes potassium excretion, risking hypokalemia. The patient’s potassium level (3.1 mEq/L) is below normal (3.5-5.0 mEq/L), indicating hypokalemia, which can cause arrhythmias. Administering Lasix without addressing this could worsen the electrolyte imbalance, making this choice unsafe and incorrect.

Choice B reason: Oxygen administration addresses respiratory issues, not electrolyte imbalances like hypokalemia (3.1 mEq/L) caused by furosemide. There’s no indication of hypoxia in the lab results or scenario. This action doesn’t correct the potassium deficit or prevent further depletion, making it irrelevant and incorrect.

Choice C reason: Furosemide exacerbates hypokalemia (patient’s potassium: 3.1 mEq/L), risking cardiac arrhythmias or muscle weakness. Holding the dose prevents further potassium loss, and notifying the physician allows for correction (e.g., potassium supplements) and reassessment of therapy, making this the safest and most appropriate action.

Choice D reason: A 24-hour urine collection assesses renal function or output but doesn’t address the immediate concern of hypokalemia (3.1 mEq/L) caused by furosemide. This test is irrelevant to correcting the electrolyte imbalance or preventing further depletion, making it an inappropriate action in this scenario.

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The nurse is caring for a patient who has jaundice, dark urine, malaise, light-colored stools, nausea, and vomiting. What is this patient most likely experiencing?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

What are considered the ‘Big Three’ properties of an ideal drug? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

The nurse caring for a patient taking furosemide [Lasix] is reviewing the patient’s most recent laboratory results, which are: sodium, 136 mEq/L; potassium, 3.1 mEq/L; chloride, 100 mEq/L; blood urea nitrogen, 15 mg/dL. What is the nurse’s best action?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A patient who was in a motor vehicle accident sustained a severe head injury and is brought to the emergency department. The provider orders intravenous mannitol (Osmitrol). The nurse knows that this is given to:

The nurse should monitor for which potential clinical manifestation after administering furosemide (Lasix)?

A new graduate nurse preparing to administer medications knows that which of the following is required for a drug to move through the body?

A patient has allergies and takes an antihistamine. The patient wants to know how the drug works. The nurse understands that antihistamines work because they are what?

N-acetyl-para-aminophenol is an example of which type of drug name?

A patient tells the nurse that she takes aspirin for menstrual cramps, but she does not feel that it works well. What will the nurse suggest?

A patient who has heart failure. The patient complains of shortness of breath, and the nurse auscultates crackles in the lungs. The nurse understands that these symptoms are the result of

Name the imbalance using the following Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) values: pH 7.39, PaCO2 47, HCO3- 29