A patient is diagnosed with primary hypertension and asks the nurse what caused the condition.
Which response would the nurse give?

"There is no identified cause!”

"A decrease in plasma renin levels.”

"Too much plaque in the blood vessels.”

"Kidney disease is the most common cause.”

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice B rationale:

A decrease in plasma renin levels is not a known cause of primary hypertension. Primary hypertension often has no identifiable cause, and it is a diagnosis of exclusion.

Choice C rationale:

Too much plaque in the blood vessels describes atherosclerosis, which is a risk factor for hypertension but not the direct cause of primary hypertension. Plaque buildup narrows arteries and increases resistance, contributing to elevated blood pressure.

Choice D rationale:

Kidney disease can cause secondary hypertension but is not the most common cause of primary hypertension. Primary hypertension, also known as essential hypertension, is the most common form, and its exact cause remains unknown in many cases.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The correct answer is choice d. pH = 7.52, PaCO2 = 24 mm Hg, PaO2 = 85 mm Hg, and HCO3 = 24 mEq/L.

Rationales:

Choice A rationale:

pH = 7.46: This value is slightly alkalotic.
PaCO2 = 44 mm Hg: This is within the normal range (35-45 mm Hg), indicating that the respiratory system is not contributing to alkalosis.
PaO2 = 95 mm Hg: This is a normal oxygen level.
HCO3 = 36 mEq/L: This is elevated, indicating metabolic alkalosis rather than respiratory alkalosis.

Choice B rationale:

pH = 7.27: This value is acidic, indicating acidosis.
PaCO2 = 70 mm Hg: This is elevated, indicating respiratory acidosis.
PaO2 = 80 mm Hg: This is slightly low, indicating mild hypoxemia.
HCO3 = 26 mEq/L: This is within the normal range, indicating no metabolic compensation.

Choice C rationale:

pH = 7.30: This value is acidic, indicating acidosis.
PaCO2 = 35 mm Hg: This is within the normal range, indicating that the respiratory system is not contributing to acidosis.
PaO2 = 70 mm Hg: This is low, indicating hypoxemia.
HCO3 = 20 mEq/L: This is low, indicating metabolic acidosis.

Choice D rationale:

pH = 7.52: This value is alkalotic.
PaCO2 = 24 mm Hg: This is low, indicating respiratory alkalosis.
PaO2 = 85 mm Hg: This is a normal oxygen level.
HCO3 = 24 mEq/L: This is within the normal range, indicating no metabolic compensation.

Choice D corresponds with respiratory alkalosis because the pH is alkalotic, and the PaCO2 is low, indicating that the respiratory system is causing the alkalosis. The HCO3 is within the normal range, showing no metabolic compensation.

A. Does not interact with acids. B. Promotes the excretion of acid. C. Activates the system of acid-base balance. D. Increases the action of the hydrogen ions.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

The base does interact with acids in the acid-base balance. Bases, by definition, are substances that can accept hydrogen ions (protons) and neutralize acids. In the context of acid-base balance, bases help regulate the pH of body fluids by counteracting the effects of acids.

Choice B rationale:

The role of the base in the acid-base balance is to promote the excretion of acid. Bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) are a vital component of the body's buffering system, helping to neutralize excess acid. The kidneys play a crucial role in excreting acids from the body, maintaining the acid-base balance.

Choice C rationale:

The base does not activate the system of acid-base balance; instead, it is part of the body's natural buffering system. The acid-base balance is regulated by the lungs and kidneys, which work together to maintain the pH of body fluids within a narrow range (7.35-7.45)

Choice D rationale:

Bases do not increase the action of hydrogen ions. In fact, bases neutralize hydrogen ions, which are acidic. By accepting these ions, bases help to decrease the acidity of a solution, playing a key role in maintaining the body's acid-base balance.

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A patient is diagnosed with primary hypertension and asks the nurse what caused the condition.Which response would the nurse give?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which arterial blood gas (ABG) data corresponds with a patient's clinical manifestations of respiratory alkalosis?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Rationales:

Which role is attributed to the base in the acid-base balance?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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A patient is diagnosed with primary hypertension and asks the nurse what caused the condition.
Which response would the nurse give?