A patient is given a drug for the first time and develops shortness of breath. The patient’s heart rate is 76 beats per minute, the respiratory rate is 20 breaths per minute, and the blood pressure is 120/70 mm Hg. The nurse checks a drug administration manual to make sure the correct dose was given and learns that some patients taking the drug experience shortness of breath. The nurse will contact the provider to report what?
An idiosyncratic effect
A teratogenic effect
A side effect
This symptom is not related to the medication administration.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A Reason:
An idiosyncratic effect is an unusual or unexpected reaction to a drug that is not related to the dose and is not a common side effect. These reactions are often due to genetic differences in metabolism or immune response. In this case, shortness of breath is a known reaction for some patients taking the drug, so it is not considered idiosyncratic.
Choice B Reason:
A teratogenic effect refers to a drug’s potential to cause developmental abnormalities in a fetus when taken by a pregnant woman. Since the patient is experiencing shortness of breath, which is a known reaction to the drug, this choice is not relevant to the situation.
Choice C Reason:
This is the correct answer. A side effect is a secondary, typically undesirable effect of a drug or medical treatment. Since the nurse found that shortness of breath is a known reaction for some patients taking the drug, it is classified as a side effect. The nurse should report this to the provider to ensure proper management and monitoring.
Choice D Reason:
The symptom of shortness of breath is related to the medication administration, as confirmed by the drug administration manual. Therefore, this choice is incorrect. The nurse must report the side effect to the provider for appropriate action.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) plays a role in regulating body temperature. It does this by controlling the dilation and constriction of blood vessels in the skin, which helps to dissipate or conserve heat as needed. Therefore, the statement that the SNS regulates body temperature is correct.
Choice B Reason:
The SNS is crucial in regulating the cardiovascular system. It increases heart rate and the force of heart contractions, and it also causes vasoconstriction, which raises blood pressure. This statement is accurate and does not indicate a need for further teaching.
Choice C Reason:
This is the correct answer. The SNS generally inhibits digestive functions during the “fight-or-flight” response. It reduces blood flow to the digestive organs, decreases peristalsis, and inhibits digestive secretions. Therefore, the statement that the SNS regulates digestive functions is incorrect and indicates a need for further teaching.
Choice D Reason:
The SNS is responsible for the “fight-or-flight” response, which prepares the body to respond to perceived threats. This includes increasing heart rate, dilating airways, and mobilizing energy stores. This statement is correct and does not indicate a need for further teaching.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Clinical trials to assess the teratogenic effects of medications during pregnancy are ethically challenging because they would involve exposing pregnant women and their fetuses to potential risks. The primary concern is the safety of the fetus, as many drugs can cross the placenta and potentially cause harm. Therefore, most of the data on teratogenic effects come from observational studies, case reports, and animal studies rather than controlled clinical trials.
Choice B Reason:
While the FDA has initiatives to improve the safety of medications during pregnancy, it is not accurate to say that a new study will allow testing of medications during pregnancy in the future. The ethical concerns surrounding the exposure of pregnant women to potential teratogens remain a significant barrier. Current efforts focus on improving post-marketing surveillance and encouraging the reporting of adverse effects to gather more data.
Choice C Reason:
Although some women may be reluctant to admit taking medications during pregnancy, this is not the primary reason for the lack of data on teratogenic effects. The main issue is the ethical and practical challenges of conducting clinical trials in pregnant women. Reluctance to report medication use can contribute to underreporting, but it is not the central factor.
Choice D Reason:
Recommending that pregnant women avoid medications is a general precaution, but it does not address the reason why more is not known about teratogenic effects. The avoidance of medications is advised to minimize potential risks, but the lack of data is primarily due to the ethical constraints of conducting clinical trials in this population.
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