A patient is newly diagnosed with hypertension. The nurse suggests a dietary sodium reduction to help lower blood pressure. What rationale should the nurse share for reducing sodium intake?

"Reduced salt makes food taste less appealing, so you will lose weight, reducing your blood pressure."

"A low-sodium diet has been shown to reduce blood pressure."

"The blood volume will be decreased after a high intake of sodium."

"Salt intake and smoking go together; reducing one helps with the other."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. While sodium reduction might indirectly impact weight in some cases, its primary role in blood pressure control is related to its effect on blood volume and vascular resistance.

B. Sodium reduction is proven to help reduce blood pressure by lowering blood volume and decreasing vascular resistance.

C. Sodium actually leads to fluid retention, which can increase blood volume and raise blood pressure, not decrease it.

D. There is no direct link between sodium intake and smoking habits; reducing sodium primarily affects blood pressure management independently of smoking.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Troponin is a biomarker used to diagnose myocardial infarction (heart attack), not heart failure.

B. Calcium levels are important for overall metabolic function but are not specific for heart failure.

C. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is elevated in heart failure, specifically in left heart failure, and helps confirm the diagnosis. BNP is a hormone released by the ventricles in response to increased pressure and volume.

D. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a marker of inflammation but does not specifically confirm a heart failure diagnosis.

A. nosocomial pneumonia; lung tissue atelectasis B. lung tissue atelectasis; community-acquired pneumonia C. pulmonary edema; right heart failure D. pulmonary edema; left heart failure

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Nosocomial (hospital-acquired) pneumonia is common in post-surgical patients, particularly those with atelectasis, as diminished ventilation can lead to infection. The green sputum and fever are signs of infection.

B. Lung tissue atelectasis may predispose a patient to pneumonia, but community-acquired pneumonia is less likely in a hospitalized patient, and the green sputum is more indicative of nosocomial infection.

C. Pulmonary edema is associated with fluid in the lungs but does not typically cause green sputum or elevated temperature, which suggest infection.

D. Left heart failure may lead to pulmonary edema but is not associated with green sputum or fever.

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A patient is newly diagnosed with hypertension. The nurse suggests a dietary sodium reduction to help lower blood pressure. What rationale should the nurse share for reducing sodium intake?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient has developed left heart failure (LHF). Which laboratory test, when elevated, confirms a heart failure diagnosis?

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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