A nurse suspects that her patient has developed a pulmonary embolus (PE). Which assessment finding would lead to this nursing judgment?

Varicose veins.

Thick green sputum.

Hypertension.

Sudden dyspnea.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. While varicose veins can be a risk factor for deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which in turn can lead to a PE, they are not an acute symptom of a PE.

B. Thick green sputum is more indicative of a respiratory infection, such as pneumonia, rather than a pulmonary embolus.

C. Hypertension can be seen in various conditions but is not a primary indicator of PE.

D. Sudden dyspnea (difficulty breathing) is a classic sign of a pulmonary embolus, as the clot obstructs blood flow to the lungs, leading to respiratory distress.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. While ACE inhibitors can be beneficial for heart failure management, they do not specifically eliminate murmurs and are not primarily used as inotropes in cor pulmonale management.
B. Cor pulmonale, characterized by right heart failure due to lung disease, often leads to fluid overload. A diuretic helps to decrease preload by promoting diuresis, thus reducing the workload on the heart and alleviating symptoms of congestion.
C. Troponin levels are used to assess myocardial injury rather than to distinguish between right and left ventricular failure; this is not a primary concern in cor pulmonale management.
D. Cor pulmonale is typically associated with volume overload rather than dehydration; therefore, using a diuretic to counteract dehydration is incorrect. The focus should be on reducing excess fluid to manage heart failure symptoms.

A. thickening of the bronchial walls, large amount of thick secretions, entrapped air. B. chronic inflammation, thin secretions, and chronic infection. C. chronic inflammation and decreased surface area of the alveolocapillary membrane. D. respiratory alkalosis, decreased PCO2, and increased PO2.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Chronic bronchitis leads to airway obstruction due to thickened bronchial walls and excess mucus production, resulting in entrapped air and impaired gas exchange.

B. While chronic inflammation is a component, thin secretions are not characteristic of chronic bronchitis; they are typically thick.

C. Decreased surface area of the alveolocapillary membrane is more relevant in emphysema, not specifically in chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways.

D. Respiratory alkalosis and decreased PCO2 are not indicative of chronic bronchitis; instead, respiratory acidosis is often seen due to airway obstruction and retention of CO2.

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A nurse suspects that her patient has developed a pulmonary embolus (PE). Which assessment finding would lead to this nursing judgment?

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