A nurse is caring for a patient who has complete kidney failure or end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Which treatment will the nurse anticipate for this patient?

Large amounts of intravenous (IV) fluids to manage their fluid volume deficit.

Potassium supplements to increase the serum potassium level.

Postmortem care since death is near.

Dialysis or kidney transplantation.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Large amounts of IV fluids are generally not used in ESRD because the kidneys cannot effectively remove excess fluids, potentially worsening fluid overload.

B. Potassium supplements are avoided, as ESRD patients often have elevated potassium levels due to reduced excretion, which can lead to dangerous cardiac complications.

C. While ESRD is serious, postmortem care is premature; many patients manage ESRD with appropriate treatment.

D. Dialysis or kidney transplantation is the standard treatment for ESRD to take over the functions that the kidneys can no longer perform, such as waste removal and fluid balance.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Atherosclerosis typically leads to vessel narrowing, but it does not specifically describe the formation of an aneurysm, which involves wall weakening and outpouching rather than just narrowing.

B. While a blood clot can be a complication of an AAA, it is not the primary cause of aneurysm formation. An AAA results from wall weakness rather than a clot.

C. Streptococcal bacteria are not related to the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms; aneurysms are associated with chronic conditions affecting the vascular wall, not bacterial infections.

D. Chronic hypertension contributes to the weakening of the arterial walls, leading to the formation of an aneurysm as the pressure causes the wall to bulge or outpouch. This correctly reflects the pathophysiology of AAA.

A. expiratory wheeze; PCO₂ 36 B. respiratory rate of 42; SO₂ 79% C. respiratory rate of 24; pH 7.46 D. barking cough; PO₂ 90

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. An expiratory wheeze with a PCO₂ of 36 (within normal range) does not typically indicate respiratory failure.

B. A respiratory rate of 42 and a low oxygen saturation (SO₂) of 79% indicate hypoxemia and respiratory distress, which are hallmarks of respiratory failure.

C. A respiratory rate of 24 with a pH of 7.46 suggests mild hyperventilation or anxiety rather than respiratory failure.

D. A barking cough and a PO₂ of 90 are not indicative of respiratory failure; PO₂ of 90 is within normal limits.

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A nurse is caring for a patient who has complete kidney failure or end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Which treatment will the nurse anticipate for this patient?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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