A patient arrives at the clinic for his yearly physical. His vital signs include a blood pressure of 170/110. The patient is prescribed an ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitor. This medication decreases blood pressure by inhibiting the

vasoconstrictive properties of the RAAS (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system)

vasodilation properties of the RAAS

inotropic properties of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS)

diuretic properties of the natriuretic peptide system

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor in the RAAS, which leads to decreased blood pressure by promoting vasodilation.

B. The RAAS is primarily a vasoconstrictive system, and ACE inhibitors reduce this vasoconstriction, not vasodilation.

C. ACE inhibitors do not directly affect the inotropic (force of contraction) effects of the SNS; they work on the RAAS.

D. While natriuretic peptides help regulate fluid balance, ACE inhibitors do not directly impact this system.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Creatine kinase is an enzyme released when muscle tissue is damaged, often used in diagnosing muscle injuries or heart attacks, not coronary artery disease risk.

B. Elevated homocysteine levels are associated with an increased risk for coronary artery disease as it can damage the blood vessel walls and promote clot formation.

C. High levels of serum high-density lipoproteins (HDL) are protective against coronary artery disease, not a risk factor.

D. Serum potassium is important for cardiovascular health, but it does not directly correlate with coronary artery disease risk.

A. increase platelet adhesion to prevent plaque development. B. increase preload to increase cardiac workload. C. constrict coronary arteries to decrease ischemia. D. decrease afterload to maximize cardiac output (CO).

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Medications in unstable angina aim to prevent platelet aggregation and thrombus formation, not increase platelet adhesion.

B. Increasing preload would increase cardiac workload, which is counterproductive in managing unstable angina, as the goal is to reduce workload on the heart.

C. Constricting coronary arteries would worsen ischemia and exacerbate unstable angina, not help it.

D. Decreasing afterload (the resistance the heart must pump against) reduces the workload on the heart, helping to improve cardiac output and alleviate ischemia in unstable angina.

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A patient arrives at the clinic for his yearly physical. His vital signs include a blood pressure of 170/110. The patient is prescribed an ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitor. This medication decreases blood pressure by inhibiting the

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which laboratory test, when elevated, indicates an increased risk for the development of coronary artery disease?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse caring for a patient with unstable angina will most likely need to give medications to

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A patient with a blood pressure of 170/110 is prescribed an ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitor. The nurse stresses the need to take his ACE inhibitor as prescribed to prevent which complication associated with the long-term effects of hypertension?

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