A patient is recovering from an episode of diabetic ketoacidosis and reports feeling “anxious, shaky, and sweaty.”. What should be the nurse’s initial action?

Obtain a full set of vital signs.

Administer 1 mg glucagon subcutaneously.

Administer 25 mL of 50% dextrose.

Obtain a blood glucose reading.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale

While obtaining a full set of vital signs is an important part of assessing a patient’s condition, it should not be the initial action in this case. The symptoms described by the patient suggest hypoglycemia, which requires immediate confirmation and treatment.

Choice B rationale

Administering 1 mg glucagon subcutaneously is not the initial action. Glucagon is used to treat severe hypoglycemia when the patient is unable to take glucose orally. However, the patient’s blood glucose level should be checked first.

Choice C rationale

Administering 25 mL of 50% dextrose is not the initial action. This treatment is used for severe hypoglycemia, but the patient’s blood glucose level should be checked first to confirm hypoglycemia.

Choice D rationale

Obtaining a blood glucose reading is the correct initial action. The symptoms described by the patient suggest hypoglycemia. Checking the blood glucose level will confirm whether the patient is hypoglycemic and needs treatment.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

People with Type 1 diabetes have little or no insulin that can be released. This is because their pancreatic β-cells, which produce insulin, are destroyed by an autoimmune process. Without insulin, glucose cannot be taken up into cells to be used for energy. Oral antihyperglycemic agents work by increasing the release of insulin or increasing the body’s sensitivity to insulin, so they are not effective in Type 1 diabetes where there is an absolute insulin deficiency.

Choice B rationale

The cost of oral antihyperglycemic agents is not the primary reason they are not used in Type 1 diabetes. The main issue is the lack of insulin production, which these medications cannot address.

Choice C rationale

People with Type 1 diabetes do not typically have resistance to their endogenous insulin. Insulin resistance is more commonly associated with Type 2 diabetes.

Choice D rationale

While hypoglycemia can occur with the use of some antihyperglycemic agents, this is not the primary reason these medications are not used in Type 1 diabetes. The main issue is the absolute deficiency of insulin.

A. 2 to 4 hours. B. 2 to 8 hours. C. 5 to 7 hours. D. 3 to 10 hours.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Step 1 is: According to the information from the search results, regular insulin, such as the 16 units prescribed to the patient, starts working 30 minutes to 1 hour after administration and peaks in 2 to 5 hours. Therefore, the patient should expect the insulin peak 2 to 4 hours after administration.

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A patient is recovering from an episode of diabetic ketoacidosis and reports feeling “anxious, shaky, and sweaty.”. What should be the nurse’s initial action?

Choice B rationale

Choice C rationale

Choice D rationale

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is explaining to a patient why oral antihyperglycemic agents are not effective in Type 1 diabetes. What is the reason?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice B rationale

Choice C rationale

Choice D rationale

A patient’s insulin dosage is 16 units of regular insulin in the morning. When should the patient expect the insulin peak?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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