A patient is scheduled to receive 250 ml of Normal Saline over a 90-minute time period. The drop factor is 10 gtts/ml. What is the correct calculation?

Choice A rationale:
Contact inhibition is a normal mechanism that regulates cell growth. When normal cells come into contact with each other, they stop growing. This prevents uncontrolled growth and the formation of tumors.
Benign tumor cells do not typically lose contact inhibition. They still respond to contact signals from neighboring cells and stop growing when they come into contact with each other.
However, they may grow in an uncontrolled manner due to other factors, such as mutations in genes that regulate cell growth.
Choice C rationale:
Invasion is a characteristic of malignant (cancerous) tumors, not benign tumors. Malignant tumors have the ability to invade surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body.
Benign tumors, on the other hand, are localized and do not invade surrounding tissues. They may grow and compress nearby tissues, but they do not spread.
Choice D rationale:
Anaplasia is a term used to describe the loss of differentiation of cells in a tumor. This means that the cells no longer resemble the normal cells from which they originated.
Anaplasia is a characteristic of malignant tumors, not benign tumors. Benign tumor cells typically retain some of the characteristics of the parent cells.

Choice A rationale:
Massaging the site with scented oils is not recommended for pain relief after removal of a peripheral vascular access device. There is no evidence to support the effectiveness of scented oils in this context.
Additionally, some scented oils can be irritating to the skin, which could potentially worsen the pain, redness, and swelling.
It's crucial to use products that are specifically designed for wound care and pain management, and to follow the healthcare provider's instructions.
Choice B rationale:
Applying warm compresses to the site is an effective and recommended intervention to alleviate pain, redness, and swelling after removal of a peripheral vascular access device.
Warm compresses have the following beneficial effects:
Vasodilation: They promote blood flow to the area, which helps to reduce inflammation and pain. Muscle relaxation: The warmth helps to relax tense muscles, further easing discomfort.
Pain relief: Warmth can directly inhibit pain signals, providing a soothing sensation.
Increased circulation: Improved blood flow can help to remove inflammatory substances and promote healing. It's important to use a clean, warm compress and to apply it for 15-20 minutes at a time, several times a day.
Choice C rationale:
Topical lidocaine is a local anesthetic that can temporarily numb the skin.
While it can be used for pain relief, it's not typically the first-line intervention for pain associated with removal of a peripheral vascular access device.
Warm compresses are often preferred as they provide a more natural and non-invasive approach to pain management.
Choice D rationale:
Oral pain medication may be necessary if warm compresses do not provide adequate pain relief.
However, it's important to follow the healthcare provider's instructions regarding the type and dosage of pain medication to use.
Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, may be sufficient in some cases. Stronger prescription pain medication may be needed for more severe pain.