A patient is seeing the nurse practitioner for a 6 months checkup for diabetes mellitus. While reviewing the patient's lab results, which lab best represents the patient has good control of the disease?

Urinalysis shows trace protein

Hemoglobin A1C of 5.6%

Fasting blood glucose of 110 mg/dL

Urine ketones are negative

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Urinalysis shows trace protein:
Explanation: While trace protein in the urine is generally better than higher levels, it doesn't provide a specific measure of blood glucose control. Protein in the urine can be an early sign of kidney damage in diabetes, but it doesn't directly indicate blood glucose control.

B. Hemoglobin A1C of 5.6%:
Explanation: Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) is a long-term indicator of blood glucose control. An HbA1C level of 5.6% is within the target range for individuals with diabetes and suggests good control of blood glucose over the past 2-3 months.

C. Fasting blood glucose of 110 mg/dL:
Explanation: Fasting blood glucose gives a snapshot of blood glucose at a specific moment. While 110 mg/dL is a fairly normal fasting level, it doesn't provide information about long-term control. A single fasting glucose measurement may not reflect overall glucose management.

D. Urine ketones are negative:
Explanation: Negative urine ketones indicate that the body is not currently using fat for energy. While this is a good sign in the moment, it doesn't give information about overall blood glucose control over time. Urine ketones can fluctuate based on various factors, including diet and activity level.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Flushed skin: Flushed or warm skin is more characteristic of hyperthyroidism, where there is an excess of thyroid hormones.

B. Palpitations: Palpitations or a rapid heartbeat are more characteristic of hyperthyroidism, where there is an excess of thyroid hormones.

C. Bulging eyes: Bulging or protruding eyes, known as exophthalmos, is a characteristic sign of Graves' disease, which is a specific type of hyperthyroidism.

D. Fatigue: This is correct. Fatigue is a common symptom of hypothyroidism, reflecting the overall slowing down of the body's processes.

A. Respiratory acidosis B. Hypokalemia C. Metabolic acidosis D. Respiratory alkalosis

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Respiratory acidosis:
This occurs when there is inadequate removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) by the respiratory system. In the case of the patient post-op from knee surgery receiving Morphine, the opioid can cause respiratory depression, leading to the retention of CO2 and the development of respiratory acidosis. Signs include a decreased respiratory rate and drowsiness.

B. Hypokalemia:
This is a condition characterized by low levels of potassium in the blood. While opioids can cause constipation, they are not directly associated with hypokalemia.

C. Metabolic acidosis:
This occurs when there is an increase in acid production or a loss of bicarbonate, leading to an imbalance in the body's acid-base status. The symptoms of metabolic acidosis are not typically associated with opioid use.

D. Respiratory alkalosis:
This occurs when there is excessive elimination of CO2, leading to decreased carbon dioxide levels in the blood. Opioids, especially in higher doses, are more likely to cause respiratory depression and acidosis rather than alkalosis. The patient's low respiratory rate and drowsiness are indicative of respiratory acidosis rather than alkalosis.

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A patient is seeing the nurse practitioner for a 6 months checkup for diabetes mellitus. While reviewing the patient's lab results, which lab best represents the patient has good control of the disease?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with hypothyroidism. When assessing this patient, what sign or symptom would the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A patient is post-op from knee surgery. The patient has been receiving Morphine 4 mg IV every 2 hours. The nurse notices the patient is exhibiting a respiratory rate of 8 and is extremely drowsy. Which of the following conditions is the patient at risk for?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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