A patient is unsure of the decision to undergo peritoneal dialysis (PD) and wishes to discuss the advantages of this treatment with the nurse. Which statements by the nurse are accurate regarding PD? Select all that apply.

You will not need vascular access to perform PD.

This can be done in the comfort of your home.

You will have no risk for infection with PD.

You have some flexibility in when you do the exchanges.

It takes less time than hemodialysis treatments.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,D,E

Choice A reason: Not needing vascular access to perform PD is a significant advantage for patients. Peritoneal dialysis uses the peritoneal membrane in the abdomen as a filter to clean the blood, which eliminates the need for vascular access, such as fistulas or catheters required in hemodialysis. This can reduce the risks associated with vascular access, such as infections and complications related to surgical procedures.

Choice B reason: Being able to perform PD in the comfort of one's home is a major benefit. Patients can manage their dialysis treatments at home, which offers more convenience and flexibility compared to traveling to a dialysis center for hemodialysis sessions. This can greatly improve the quality of life and reduce the burden of frequent trips to healthcare facilities.

Choice C reason: Stating that there is no risk for infection with PD is inaccurate. While PD offers many benefits, it does carry a risk of peritonitis, an infection of the peritoneal cavity. Patients must be educated on proper technique and hygiene to minimize this risk. Hence, this statement is not accurate and should not be included as an advantage.

Choice D reason: Having flexibility in when to do the exchanges is another benefit of PD. Patients can schedule their dialysis exchanges at times that best fit their lifestyle and daily routines. This flexibility allows for greater independence and freedom compared to the fixed schedules required for in-center hemodialysis.

Choice E reason: PD can take less time than hemodialysis treatments, especially when considering travel and waiting times associated with in-center hemodialysis. Although the actual dialysis process for PD requires regular exchanges throughout the day or night, it integrates more seamlessly into daily life, making it a time-efficient option for many patients.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Blood clots form more easily in mechanical replacement valves due to the artificial surface of the valve, which can cause the blood to clot more readily. This increases the risk of thromboembolic events, such as stroke or valve obstruction. Therefore, patients with mechanical valves need to take anticoagulants for life to prevent clot formation and ensure the valve functions effectively.

Choice B reason: The statement that the vein taken from the leg reduces circulation in the leg is incorrect in this context. Vein grafts from the leg are typically used in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery, not in valve replacement surgery. Therefore, this explanation does not apply to the patient's situation of needing anticoagulants after valve replacement surgery.

Choice C reason: The idea that the valve replacement surgery left a lot of small clots in the heart and lungs is not accurate. The surgery itself does not leave clots; rather, the ongoing risk of clot formation is due to the presence of the mechanical valve. This risk necessitates lifelong anticoagulation.

Choice D reason: The mechanical valve does not place the patient at a greater risk for a heart attack specifically. The concern with mechanical valves is the increased risk of blood clot formation, which is why anticoagulants are prescribed. Heart attacks are typically caused by blockages in the coronary arteries, which is a different issue.

A. Analgesic properties without sedation. B. Vasoconstriction and improved blood flow. C. Platelet inhibition to reduce clot formation. D. Cardiotonic properties and improved contraction.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Aspirin does have analgesic properties, which help relieve pain. However, this is not the primary reason for its administration in the context of angina-like chest pain. The analgesic effect of aspirin without sedation is more relevant in the management of general pain or headaches.

Choice B reason: Vasoconstriction and improved blood flow are not effects of aspirin. In fact, aspirin's mechanism of action involves preventing platelet aggregation, which can indirectly improve blood flow by reducing the risk of clot formation. Vasoconstriction is not an effect associated with aspirin.

Choice C reason: The primary rationale for administering aspirin to a client with angina-like chest pain is its antiplatelet effect. Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation, reducing the risk of clot formation. This is crucial in preventing further blockage of coronary arteries, which can exacerbate angina or lead to myocardial infarction.

Choice D reason: Cardiotonic properties and improved contraction are not associated with aspirin. Cardiotonic drugs enhance the strength of the heart's contractions, which is not an action of aspirin. Aspirin's role in this context is to prevent platelet aggregation and reduce the risk of clot-related complications.

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A patient is unsure of the decision to undergo peritoneal dialysis (PD) and wishes to discuss the advantages of this treatment with the nurse. Which statements by the nurse are accurate regarding PD? Select all that apply.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse cares for a patient recovering from mechanical valve replacement surgery. The patient asks, "Why will I need to take anticoagulants for the rest of my life?" What is the best response by the nurse?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse correlates which rationale with the administration of aspirin to the client experiencing angina-like chest pain?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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