A patient presents to the emergency department complaining of a severe headache. She is diaphoretic and is unable to sit still. Her family tells the nurse that the client has been taking "some herb." Which herb does the nurse suspect the client has been taking?

Ephedra

Feverfew

Garlic

St. John's wort

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Ephedra:

Ephedra is an herb that contains ephedrine, a stimulant known to cause symptoms such as severe headache, diaphoresis, and restlessness. Ephedrine has been associated with cardiovascular side effects, leading to its restriction or banning in many countries.

B. Feverfew:

Feverfew is an herb commonly used for migraine prevention. It is not typically associated with severe headache, diaphoresis, or restlessness. Instead, it is known for its potential benefits in reducing the frequency and severity of migraines.

C. Garlic:

Garlic is an herb often used for various health purposes, including cardiovascular health. It is not known to cause severe headache, diaphoresis, or restlessness.

D. St. John's Wort:

St. John's Wort is an herb commonly used for mood-related conditions, such as mild to moderate depression. It is not associated with the symptoms described, and its primary effects are related to mood regulation.

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Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

A. "This medication may make my movements smoother."

This statement is correct. Carbidopa-levodopa is used to improve motor symptoms in parkinsonism, making movements smoother.

B. "My skin may turn yellow if I miss too many doses."

This statement is not accurate. Yellowing of the skin (jaundice) is not a known side effect of carbidopa-levodopa. This statement indicates a need for further clarification.

C. "I need to take vitamin B6 supplements with this medication."

This statement is incorrect. While vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) can reduce the effectiveness of levodopa, carbidopa is included in the formulation to prevent its peripheral conversion, allowing more levodopa to reach the brain. Vitamin B6 supplements are generally not recommended with carbidopa-levodopa.

D. "I should take this medicine on an empty stomach."

This statement is not accurate. Carbidopa-levodopa is typically taken with food to reduce gastrointestinal side effects. Taking it on an empty stomach may increase the risk of nausea.

E. "I need to check my blood sugar regularly while taking this."

This statement is not directly related to carbidopa-levodopa. Monitoring blood sugar is essential for individuals with diabetes but is not a specific requirement related to this medication.

A. Avoiding hot, spicy foods B. Avoiding tobacco products C. Drinking a glass of red wine with dinner D. Eating a snack before bedtime E. Using a small pillow for sleeping

Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]

Explanation

A. Avoiding hot, spicy foods

Spicy foods can increase the production of stomach acid and may irritate the esophagus, worsening GERD symptoms. Avoiding hot and spicy foods is a dietary measure to minimize the risk of symptom exacerbation.

B. Avoiding tobacco products

Tobacco use is a known risk factor for GERD. Smoking can relax the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), allowing stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus. Advising the patient to quit or avoid tobacco products can contribute to symptom management.

C. Drinking a glass of red wine with dinner

While red wine may have some potential benefits, alcohol, in general, can relax the LES, leading to increased reflux. Therefore, drinking red wine with dinner may not be recommended for someone experiencing GERD symptoms.

D. Eating a snack before bedtime

Eating close to bedtime can increase the likelihood of GERD symptoms, as lying down may allow stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus. The nurse may advise against eating a snack right before bedtime to minimize nighttime reflux.

E. Using a small pillow for sleeping

Elevating the head and upper body during sleep can help prevent stomach acid from flowing into the esophagus. Using a small pillow for sleeping is a measure to reduce nighttime reflux and alleviate GERD symptoms.

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A patient presents to the emergency department complaining of a severe headache. She is diaphoretic and is unable to sit still. Her family tells the nurse that the client has been taking "some herb." Which herb does the nurse suspect the client has been taking?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is teaching a client with parkinsonism about carbidopa-levodopa. Which statement(s) by the client indicate(s) the need for further teaching? Select All That Apply

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

A patient who recently began having mild symptoms of GERD is reluctant to take medication. What measures will the nurse recommend to minimize this patient's symptoms? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]

Explanation

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