A patient presents with severe pain in the upper arm after a fall. The affected area is swollen, and the patient is unable to move the arm without significant pain. Imaging studies reveal a malignant bone tumor in the humerus with a transverse break through the lesion. What is osteosarcoma?
A fracture of the bone
A type of bone infection
A malignant bone tumor
A benign bone tumor
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: A fracture is a break in the bone, as seen in the patient, but osteosarcoma is the underlying tumor causing the pathological fracture. Defining osteosarcoma as a fracture ignores its neoplastic nature, making this incorrect.
Choice B reason: A bone infection, or osteomyelitis, involves bacterial or fungal invasion, causing pain and inflammation. Osteosarcoma is a primary bone cancer, not an infection, with distinct histopathological features, making this an incorrect definition.
Choice C reason: Osteosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor, typically arising in long bones like the humerus, often causing pain, swelling, and pathological fractures. This matches the patient’s imaging findings and clinical presentation, making this the correct definition.
Choice D reason: A benign bone tumor, like an osteoma, does not metastasize or cause aggressive destruction. Osteosarcoma’s malignant nature leads to local invasion and potential metastasis, as implied by the fracture, making this incorrect.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Lethargy is a common manifestation of hypothyroidism, resulting from slowed metabolism due to low thyroid hormone levels. It leads to fatigue and reduced energy, aligning with hypothyroid symptoms, making it a correct choice for clinical manifestations.
Choice B reason: Constipation is a hallmark of hypothyroidism, caused by decreased gastrointestinal motility from low thyroid hormone. This digestive slowing is a frequent complaint, making it a correct selection for hypothyroidism’s clinical manifestations.
Choice C reason: Restlessness is associated with hyperthyroidism, not hypothyroidism, which causes lethargy and slowed activity. Hypothyroid patients lack the agitation seen in hyperthyroid states, so this is incorrect for hypothyroidism manifestations.
Choice D reason: Intolerance to heat is a hyperthyroidism symptom, not hypothyroidism, where patients experience cold intolerance due to slowed metabolism. This is opposite to hypothyroid effects, so it’s incorrect for hypothyroidism’s clinical manifestations.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: The egg would not stay the same size, as ocean water is hypertonic (higher salinity) compared to Lake Michigan’s fresh water. Osmotic differences drive water movement into the egg, causing swelling, making this an incorrect prediction.
Choice B reason: “None of the above” is incorrect, as the egg will swell due to osmosis. Fresh water in Lake Michigan has lower solute concentration than the egg’s cytoplasm, causing water influx, making this an invalid choice.
Choice C reason: The sea star egg will swell in Lake Michigan’s fresh water, which is hypotonic to the egg’s hypertonic cytoplasm. Water moves into the egg via osmosis, increasing its volume, making this the correct prediction for the egg’s response.
Choice D reason: The egg would shrink in a hypertonic environment, like concentrated saltwater, not fresh water. Lake Michigan’s hypotonic fresh water causes water influx, not loss, making shrinking an incorrect outcome for the egg.
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