When talking about manifestations of Schizophrenia, there are positive and negative symptoms. Which of the following are negative symptoms? (Select all that apply)
Hallucinations
Apathy
Absence of normal social and interpersonal behaviors
Sensory overload due to loss of the ability to screen external sensory stimuli
Anhedonia
Incomprehensible speech
Delusions
Correct Answer : B,C,E
Choice A reason: Hallucinations are positive symptoms of schizophrenia, involving sensory experiences not based in reality, like hearing voices. Negative symptoms involve deficits, such as reduced emotional expression or social engagement. Since hallucinations add to experience, they are not negative, making this incorrect for negative symptoms.
Choice B reason: Apathy, a lack of motivation or interest, is a negative symptom of schizophrenia, reflecting diminished emotional and behavioral responses. It aligns with deficits in normal functioning, a hallmark of negative symptoms, making it a correct choice for this category of schizophrenia manifestations.
Choice C reason: Absence of normal social and interpersonal behaviors, such as social withdrawal, is a negative symptom, indicating reduced engagement and interaction. This deficit in typical social functioning is characteristic of negative symptoms in schizophrenia, making it a correct selection for this question.
Choice D reason: Sensory overload from impaired sensory filtering is not a standard negative symptom; it’s more related to cognitive or positive symptoms like hallucinations. Negative symptoms involve reduced behaviors, like apathy, so this is incorrect for the negative symptom category in schizophrenia.
Choice E reason: Anhedonia, the inability to experience pleasure, is a negative symptom, reflecting a deficit in emotional response. It is a core feature of reduced functioning in schizophrenia, aligning with negative symptom criteria, making it a correct choice for this question.
Choice F reason: Incomprehensible speech, such as disorganized speech, is a positive symptom, adding disordered communication to the patient’s experience. Negative symptoms involve reduced behaviors, like social withdrawal, so this is incorrect for the negative symptom category in schizophrenia.
Choice G reason: Delusions, false beliefs, are positive symptoms, adding to the patient’s mental experience. Negative symptoms involve deficits, such as lack of motivation, not added beliefs. This makes delusions incorrect for the negative symptom category in schizophrenia manifestations.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Release of inflammatory mediators drives inflammation, not angiogenesis. Pathological angiogenesis is excessive or abnormal vessel growth, often in diseases like cancer, so this is incorrect for the term.
Choice B reason: New vessel formation in response to injury is physiological angiogenesis, not pathological. Pathological angiogenesis involves abnormal, excessive growth, so this is incorrect for the described process.
Choice C reason: Pathological angiogenesis is excessive or abnormal blood vessel growth, seen in conditions like tumors or retinopathy. This matches the definition, making it the correct choice for the term.
Choice D reason: Inhibition of vessel formation is anti-angiogenic, not pathological angiogenesis. Excessive vessel growth defines the pathological state, so this is incorrect for the term.
Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Monitoring urine output is critical in sepsis-induced DIC, as it reflects renal perfusion and organ function. Decreased output may indicate hypoperfusion or acute kidney injury from microthrombi, common in DIC, making this a priority assessment to guide fluid and supportive therapy.
Choice B reason: White blood cell count is relevant in sepsis but less specific for DIC progression. It indicates infection severity but does not directly assess DIC’s coagulopathy or organ impact, making it a lower-priority assessment compared to organ function indicators.
Choice C reason: Level of consciousness is a priority, as DIC can cause cerebral microthrombi or hemorrhage, leading to neurological changes. Altered consciousness signals potential brain involvement or systemic hypoperfusion, necessitating immediate intervention, making this a critical assessment in sepsis with DIC.
Choice D reason: Weight assessment is not a priority in acute sepsis with DIC, as it does not directly reflect coagulopathy or organ dysfunction. Fluid shifts may occur, but urine output and other vital signs are more immediate indicators, making this non-essential.
Choice E reason: Oxygen saturation is crucial, as DIC can impair pulmonary perfusion through microthrombi, causing hypoxemia. Sepsis also increases oxygen demand, and low saturation indicates respiratory compromise, making this a priority assessment to ensure adequate oxygenation.
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