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When talking about manifestations of Schizophrenia, there are positive and negative symptoms. Which of the following are negative symptoms? (Select all that apply)

Hallucinations

Apathy

Absence of normal social and interpersonal behaviors

Sensory overload due to loss of the ability to screen external sensory stimuli

Anhedonia

Incomprehensible speech

Delusions

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,E

Choice A reason: Hallucinations are positive symptoms of schizophrenia, involving sensory experiences not based in reality, like hearing voices. Negative symptoms involve deficits, such as reduced emotional expression or social engagement. Since hallucinations add to experience, they are not negative, making this incorrect for negative symptoms.

Choice B reason: Apathy, a lack of motivation or interest, is a negative symptom of schizophrenia, reflecting diminished emotional and behavioral responses. It aligns with deficits in normal functioning, a hallmark of negative symptoms, making it a correct choice for this category of schizophrenia manifestations.

Choice C reason: Absence of normal social and interpersonal behaviors, such as social withdrawal, is a negative symptom, indicating reduced engagement and interaction. This deficit in typical social functioning is characteristic of negative symptoms in schizophrenia, making it a correct selection for this question.

Choice D reason: Sensory overload from impaired sensory filtering is not a standard negative symptom; it’s more related to cognitive or positive symptoms like hallucinations. Negative symptoms involve reduced behaviors, like apathy, so this is incorrect for the negative symptom category in schizophrenia.

Choice E reason: Anhedonia, the inability to experience pleasure, is a negative symptom, reflecting a deficit in emotional response. It is a core feature of reduced functioning in schizophrenia, aligning with negative symptom criteria, making it a correct choice for this question.

Choice F reason: Incomprehensible speech, such as disorganized speech, is a positive symptom, adding disordered communication to the patient’s experience. Negative symptoms involve reduced behaviors, like social withdrawal, so this is incorrect for the negative symptom category in schizophrenia.

Choice G reason: Delusions, false beliefs, are positive symptoms, adding to the patient’s mental experience. Negative symptoms involve deficits, such as lack of motivation, not added beliefs. This makes delusions incorrect for the negative symptom category in schizophrenia manifestations.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Hemorrhagic stroke often causes headache and severe neurological deficits, not just sudden weakness. Ischemic stroke, from a clot, fits Isky’s sudden focal symptoms, so this is incorrect.

Choice B reason: Ischemic stroke, caused by arterial occlusion, presents with sudden weakness, numbness, and speech issues, as seen in Isky. Her risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, smoking) support this, making it correct.

Choice C reason: Transient ischemic attack resolves quickly, unlike Isky’s ongoing symptoms. Ischemic stroke causes persistent deficits, matching her presentation, so this is incorrect for the stroke type.

Choice D reason: Subarachnoid hemorrhage typically involves severe headache, not focal weakness. Ischemic stroke aligns with Isky’s sudden, unilateral symptoms, so this is incorrect for her condition.

A. Nerve damage from the prosthetic B. Heart attack referred pain C. Muscle strain in the remaining part of the arm D. Phantom limb pain

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Nerve damage from the prosthetic may cause local discomfort, but pain in the entire absent arm suggests phantom limb pain. This is less likely than neural misfiring, so it’s incorrect.

Choice B reason: Heart attack referred pain typically affects the left arm but is unlikely in a prosthetic limb. Phantom limb pain explains pain in the absent arm, so this is incorrect.

Choice C reason: Muscle strain affects existing muscles, not a prosthetic arm. Phantom limb pain, from neural signals in the brain, explains pain in the missing limb, so this is incorrect.

Choice D reason: Phantom limb pain occurs when the brain perceives pain in an amputated limb, common in prosthetic users. This matches Mr. Jones’s pain in his prosthetic arm, making it correct.

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When talking about manifestations of Schizophrenia, there are positive and negative symptoms. Which of the following are negative symptoms? (Select all that apply)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Mr. Jones presents to the clinic with extreme pain in his left arm. During your assessment, you notice that he has a prosthetic left arm (from the shoulder down). What explanation can you provide for Mr. Jones reporting extreme pain in his left arm?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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