A patient presents with skin lesions characterized by small, red, inflamed bumps on the face and back. Which diagnostic criterion is most consistent with these findings?

Explanation: The primary pathogenesis of acne vulgaris involves increased keratinization (abnormal skin cell turnover) and follicular plugging. Excess sebum production, along with dead skin cells and bacteria, can lead to the formation of comedones, which are a hallmark of acne vulgaris.

Incorrect choices: a. Excessive skin hydration - Excessive skin hydration is not the primary pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. In fact, excessive oil production contributes to the development of acne lesions.

c. Overproduction of melanin - Overproduction of melanin is not the primary cause of acne vulgaris. Melanin is responsible for skin pigmentation, but it does not directly contribute to acne formation.

d. Allergic reaction to environmental allergens - Acne vulgaris is not primarily caused by an allergic reaction to environmental allergens. While allergens can exacerbate skin conditions, they are not the underlying cause of acne vulgaris.

Explanation: The primary cause of acne vulgaris is hormonal imbalances, specifically an increase in androgen hormones during puberty. Androgens stimulate the sebaceous glands to produce more sebum, which can clog the hair follicles and lead to the development of acne. While bacteria (Propionibacterium acnes) can contribute to inflammation in acne lesions, it is not the primary cause of acne.

Incorrect choices: a. Bacterial infection - This is incorrect because while bacteria can contribute to the inflammation seen in acne, it is not the primary cause. Acne develops due to the abnormal process of keratinization of hair follicles and increased sebum production.

c. Excessive sun exposure - This is incorrect because while excessive sun exposure can exacerbate some skin conditions, it is not the primary cause of acne vulgaris. In fact, mild sun exposure can sometimes improve acne temporarily, but excessive sun exposure can lead to other skin issues and should be avoided.

d. Allergic reactions to skincare products - This is incorrect because while allergic reactions to skincare products can cause skin irritation, redness, and rashes, it is not the primary cause of acne vulgaris. Acne develops due to hormonal factors and other underlying mechanisms in the skin.