A patient reports episodic chest pain lasting a few minutes that is provoked by exertion and relieved within 10 minutes upon resting.
Which cause of the patient's symptoms would the nurse suspect?

Spasm of a major coronary artery.

Exposure of the thrombogenic surface to plaque.

Myocardial ischemia due to coronary artery disease.

Myocardial ischemia secondary to microvascular disease.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A rationale:

Spasm of a major coronary artery, also known as variant (Prinzmetal's) angina, typically occurs at rest and is not necessarily provoked by exertion. The patient's chest pain is exacerbated by exertion, making this choice less likely.

Choice B rationale:

Exposure of the thrombogenic surface to plaque refers to acute coronary syndromes like unstable angina or myocardial infarction. While plaque rupture and thrombosis can cause myocardial ischemia, the characteristic feature of these conditions is chest pain that may not be relieved by rest, unlike the patient described here.

Choice D rationale:

Myocardial ischemia secondary to microvascular disease, also known as cardiac syndrome X, is a condition where chest pain occurs without significant coronary artery stenosis. However, this condition usually affects women, and the pain is often unrelated to exertion. In the given case, the pain is provoked by exertion, making this choice less likely.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Buffers do not excrete weak acids; instead, they help regulate the pH of bodily fluids by preventing drastic changes in acidity or alkalinity.

Choice B rationale:

Buffers do not secrete hydrogen ions. In fact, buffers can either absorb or release hydrogen ions to maintain a stable pH.

Choice C rationale:

To convert strong acids to weak acids is the correct answer. Buffers are substances that can neutralize both acids and bases, helping to maintain a stable pH in a solution. They achieve this by accepting hydrogen ions from strong acids or donating hydrogen ions to strong bases, converting them into weaker acids or bases, respectively.

Choice D rationale:

Buffers do not convert ammonia to ammonium ions. This conversion is a part of the body's acid-base regulation system, but it is not the primary function of buffers.

A. The patient has neutropenia. B. The patient has polycythemia. C. The patient has pernicious anemia. D. The patient has elevated estrogen levels.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Neutropenia is a condition characterized by a low number of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell. Neutropenic patients are at increased risk of infections, but neutropenia does not cause specific changes in the tongue surface. The smooth and shiny tongue surface described in the question is not indicative of neutropenia.

Choice B rationale:

Polycythemia is a condition characterized by an abnormally high concentration of hemoglobin in the blood. It can cause the skin to appear reddish or flushed, but it does not directly cause changes in the tongue surface such as smoothness and shininess.

Choice C rationale:

Pernicious anemia is a type of anemia caused by a deficiency of vitamin B12, which is essential for the formation of red blood cells and the maintenance of the nervous system. One of the characteristic signs of pernicious anemia is glossitis, which is inflammation of the tongue that can make the tongue appear smooth and shiny. This finding aligns with the description provided in the question.

Choice D rationale:

Elevated estrogen levels can cause changes in the skin, such as increased pigmentation or the development of spider veins, but they do not directly cause changes in the tongue surface as described in the question.

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A patient reports episodic chest pain lasting a few minutes that is provoked by exertion and relieved within 10 minutes upon resting.Which cause of the patient's symptoms would the nurse suspect?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which phrase describes the function of a buffer?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse notes that a patient has a smooth and shiny tongue surface.The nurse would attribute these findings to which condition?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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A patient reports episodic chest pain lasting a few minutes that is provoked by exertion and relieved within 10 minutes upon resting.
Which cause of the patient's symptoms would the nurse suspect?