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A patient is diagnosed with Brown-Sequard syndrome after a spinal cord injury. Which of the following symptoms should the nurse expect?

A.

Loss of pain temperature, and light touch sensation on the same side as the injury

B.

Loss of motor function and deep pressure sensation on the opposite side of the injury

C.

Loss of motor function and position sense on the same side as the injury

D.

Loss of motor function with preserved pain and temperature sensation in the lower extremities

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Loss of pain, temperature, and light touch sensation on the same side as the injury. In Brown-Sequard syndrome, pain, temperature, and light touch are typically lost on the opposite (contralateral) side of the injury.

B. Loss of motor function and deep pressure sensation on the opposite side of the injury. Motor function and deep pressure sensation loss occur on the same side (ipsilateral) as the injury.

C. Loss of motor function and position sense on the same side as the injury. Brown-Sequard syndrome is a spinal cord hemisection injury leading to loss of motor function and proprioception on the same side as the injury.

D. Loss of motor function with preserved pain and temperature sensation in the lower extremities. Pain and temperature sensations are lost on the opposite side of the injury in Brown-Sequard syndrome, not preserved.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Inflammation of the motor cortex leads to decreased coordination and balance. Parkinson’s disease is not caused by inflammation in the motor cortex; it primarily involves the loss of dopamine-producing neurons.

B. Degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain leads to motor dysfunction. Parkinson’s disease is caused by the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to motor symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia.

C. A loss of acetylcholine in the brain leads to memory problems and cognitive decline. While a loss of acetylcholine is associated with Alzheimer’s disease, it is not the primary issue in Parkinson’s disease.

D. Excess production of dopamine in the basal ganglia leads to tremors and muscle rigidity. In Parkinson’s disease, there is a decrease, not an excess, in dopamine production, which contributes to motor symptoms.

Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A,B"},"B":{"answers":"A,B"},"C":{"answers":"A"},"D":{"answers":"A,B"},"E":{"answers":"B"},"F":{"answers":"B"},"G":{"answers":"A,B"}}

Explanation

Polyuria/Polydipsia:

  • Supports both DKA and HHS as both conditions typically exhibit severe dehydration and excessive thirst and urination.

Heart Rate (tachycardia):

  • Consistent with both DKA and HHS due to dehydration and fluid shifts, though heart rate alone does not differentiate the two.

Respirations (Kussmaul's):

  • Suggests DKA; deep, labored Kussmaul respirations typically help compensate for metabolic acidosis, which is characteristic of DKA.

Mental Status (confusion, lethargy):

  • More common in HHS, where very high glucose and osmolality levels often lead to more profound neurologic changes. Can also occur in DKA.

Serum Glucose >600 mg/dL and Serum Osmolality >320 mOsm/kg:

  • Consistent with both DKA and HHS, though more frequently seen in HHS given the higher osmolality. In DKA, serum glucose usually elevated but often lower than in HHS. Osmolality may be increased but not as high as in HHS.

Insidious onset (days to weeks):

  • Suggests HHS, as it often has a slower onset than DKA, which typically presents more acutely.

Infection as precipitating factor:

  • Could support either condition as infections can precipitate both DKA and HHS.

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