A patient with a history of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) comes to the clinic for a follow-up visit. The nurse is providing education on health prevention measures to manage GERD symptoms. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates a correct understanding of the nurse's teaching?

I should eat large meals to reduce the frequency of acid reflux.

I should drink peppermint tea after meals to help with digestion.

I should lie down immediately after eating to prevent heartburn.

I should avoid eating meals at least 2-3 hours before bedtime.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. I should eat large meals to reduce the frequency of acid reflux: Large meals can worsen GERD by increasing stomach pressure and acid production, leading to reflux. Small, frequent meals are recommended instead.

B. I should drink peppermint tea after meals to help with digestion: While peppermint may help with general digestion, it can relax the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), making GERD worse by allowing acid to reflux into the esophagus.

C. I should lie down immediately after eating to prevent heartburn: Lying down after meals increases the likelihood of acid reflux due to gravity, especially if the stomach is full, and should be avoided.

D. I should avoid eating meals at least 2-3 hours before bedtime. Avoiding meals 2-3 hours before bedtime helps reduce acid reflux by preventing the stomach from being full and producing excess acid when lying down.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Hypervolemia: This is unlikely during the diuretic phase, as the patient is typically losing large volumes of fluid.

B. Hyperkalemia: Hyperkalemia is more common in the oliguric phase of ATN, not the diuretic phase, when potassium levels usually decrease due to fluid loss.

C. Hypernatremia: During the diuretic phase of ATN, the kidneys start to recover but may not be able to concentrate urine effectively, leading to large volumes of dilute urine. This can result in fluid and electrolyte imbalances, particularly hypernatremia (high sodium levels) due to excessive fluid loss.

D. Hypertension: Hypotension is more likely due to excessive fluid loss during the diuretic phase, not hypertension.

A. Crohn's disease causes continuous inflammation of the mucosa and sub-mucosa of the colon and rectal linings. B. Crohn's disease is characterized by a transmural granulomatous inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. C. Crohn's disease has the appearance of a patchwork quilt with some areas that are clear and some with sores. D. Crohn's disease looks like what would appear to be a second-degree burn in the colon and rectum areas only.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Crohn's disease causes continuous inflammation of the mucosa and sub-mucosa of the colon and rectal linings: This description is more applicable to ulcerative colitis, which involves continuous inflammation and primarily affects the colon and rectum, not Crohn's disease, which can affect any part of the GI tract.

B. Crohn's disease is characterized by a transmural granulomatous inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract: While this is an accurate medical description of Crohn’s disease, it uses technical language that may be difficult for a patient to understand.

C. Crohn's disease has the appearance of a patchwork quilt with some areas that are clear and some with sores. This description provides a clear and visual explanation of the nature of Crohn’s disease, which typically affects the gastrointestinal tract in a "skip lesion" pattern, where some areas are inflamed (sores), and others appear normal (clear areas).

D. Crohn's disease looks like what would appear to be a second-degree burn in the colon and rectum areas only: This description is inaccurate for Crohn’s disease, as it implies the disease is limited to the colon and rectum, which is not the case. Crohn’s can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the anus.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

During the diuretic phase of ATN, the nurse should closely monitor the patient for which of the following complications?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is providing education to a client who has recently been diagnosed with Crohn's disease. Which of the following explanations by the nurse best simplifies and explains the disorder in non-medical terms?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has end-stage liver disease and a recent diagnosis of thrombocytopenia. Which of the following statements provides the best recommendation to prevent complications of bleeding?

A patient with Crohn's disease is being discharged from the hospital. The nurse is providing dietary teaching to the patient. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates a correct understanding of the dietary recommendations?

During the process of collecting a comprehensive medical history from a client who has been admitted with pyelonephritis, which of the following symptoms or historical details would the nurse most likely expect the client to report?

A nurse is reinforcing teaching about renal transplant with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following clients should the nurse identify as having a contraindication for this procedure?

A patient with suspected appendicitis is being prepared for surgery. Which of the following preoperative interventions should the nurse prioritize?

A nurse is assisting with teaching a client who is preoperative for a sigmoid colostomy. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?

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A patient with a history of ulcerative colitis presents to the clinic with complaints of fatigue, dizziness, and pallor. Upon further assessment, you suspect chronic blood loss. Which potential complication is most likely contributing to these symptoms?