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A patient with a serum sodium level of 120 mEq/L is at risk for which condition? (Normal Sodium: 135-145 mEq/L)

A.

Seizures

B.

Hyperreflexia

C.

Bradycardia

D.

Hypertension

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

(A) Seizures: Severe hyponatremia (Na+ < 120 mEq/L) can cause cerebral edema, leading to increased intracranial pressure and seizures.

(B) Hyperreflexia: More common in hypernatremia or hypocalcemia, not hyponatremia.

(C) Bradycardia: Severe hyponatremia usually causes tachycardia, not bradycardia.

(D) Hypertension: Hyponatremia often leads to hypotension due to fluid shifts.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]

Explanation

(A) Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Enlarged prostate can obstruct urine flow, leading to postrenal AKI.

(B) Acute Tubular Necrosis: This is an intrarenal cause of AKI, resulting from direct kidney injury, not obstruction.

(C) Renal Calculi: Kidney stones blocking the ureter prevent urine excretion, causing back pressure on the kidneys.

(D) Ureteral Stricture: Narrowing of the ureter restricts urine outflow, leading to postrenal AKI.

(E) Bladder Tumor: A tumor in the bladder can obstruct urine passage, leading to kidney damage.

Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"B"},"B":{"answers":"A"},"C":{"answers":"C"},"D":{"answers":"D"},"E":{"answers":"F"}}

Explanation

Cushing’s Syndrome → Dexamethasone Suppression Test

  • Cushing’s Syndrome results from excess cortisol. The dexamethasone suppression test evaluates whether cortisol production is appropriately suppressed by exogenous steroids.

Addison’s Disease → ACTH Stimulation Test

  • Addison’s Disease involves adrenal insufficiency. The ACTH stimulation test checks if the adrenal glands can produce cortisol when stimulated.

Graves’ Disease → TSH Receptor Antibody Test

  • Graves’ Disease is an autoimmune hyperthyroid condition where autoantibodies stimulate the thyroid. The TSH receptor antibody test detects these autoantibodies.

Diabetes Insipidus → Water Deprivation Test

  • Diabetes Insipidus causes excessive urination due to ADH deficiency or resistance. The water deprivation test assesses the kidneys' ability to concentrate urine in response to dehydration.

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis → Antithyroid Antibody Test

  • Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis is an autoimmune hypothyroid disorder characterized by elevated antithyroid antibodies.

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