A patient with a serum sodium level of 120 mEq/L is at risk for which condition? (Normal Sodium: 135-145 mEq/L)
Seizures
Hyperreflexia
Bradycardia
Hypertension
The Correct Answer is A
(A) Seizures: Severe hyponatremia (Na+ < 120 mEq/L) can cause cerebral edema, leading to increased intracranial pressure and seizures.
(B) Hyperreflexia: More common in hypernatremia or hypocalcemia, not hyponatremia.
(C) Bradycardia: Severe hyponatremia usually causes tachycardia, not bradycardia.
(D) Hypertension: Hyponatremia often leads to hypotension due to fluid shifts.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
(A) 0.45% NaCl (Hypotonic Fluid): Used for mild dehydration but can cause fluid shifts leading to cerebral edema.
(B) 3% NaCl (Hypertonic Fluid): Used for severe hyponatremia, not dehydration.
(C) Lactated Ringer’s (LR): This isotonic fluid replaces lost fluids and electrolytes, making it the best choice for severe dehydration, especially in patients with electrolyte imbalances.
(D) D5W: Initially isotonic but becomes hypotonic once glucose is metabolized, leading to fluid shifts into cells, worsening dehydration.
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]
Explanation
(A) Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Enlarged prostate can obstruct urine flow, leading to postrenal AKI.
(B) Acute Tubular Necrosis: This is an intrarenal cause of AKI, resulting from direct kidney injury, not obstruction.
(C) Renal Calculi: Kidney stones blocking the ureter prevent urine excretion, causing back pressure on the kidneys.
(D) Ureteral Stricture: Narrowing of the ureter restricts urine outflow, leading to postrenal AKI.
(E) Bladder Tumor: A tumor in the bladder can obstruct urine passage, leading to kidney damage.
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