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A patient with a serum sodium level of 120 mEq/L is at risk for which condition? (Normal Sodium: 135-145 mEq/L)

A.

Seizures

B.

Hyperreflexia

C.

Bradycardia

D.

Hypertension

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

(A) Seizures: Severe hyponatremia (Na+ < 120 mEq/L) can cause cerebral edema, leading to increased intracranial pressure and seizures.

(B) Hyperreflexia: More common in hypernatremia or hypocalcemia, not hyponatremia.

(C) Bradycardia: Severe hyponatremia usually causes tachycardia, not bradycardia.

(D) Hypertension: Hyponatremia often leads to hypotension due to fluid shifts.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]

Explanation

(A) Hypokalemia: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that increases potassium excretion, leading to hypokalemia.

(B) Dehydration: Excessive diuresis can lead to dehydration.

(C) Hypertension: Furosemide lowers blood pressure; hypotension is a concern, not hypertension.

(D) Hypercalcemia: Furosemide increases calcium excretion, potentially causing hypocalcemia, not hypercalcemia.

(E) Ototoxicity: High-dose or rapid IV furosemide can cause hearing loss and tinnitus.

Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A"},"B":{"answers":"A"},"C":{"answers":"A"},"D":{"answers":"B"},"E":{"answers":"B"},"F":{"answers":"B"}}

Explanation

Hyperthyroidism:

  • Heat Intolerance: Increased metabolism leads to excessive heat production.
  • Exophthalmos: Protrusion of the eyes due to autoimmune effects in conditions like Graves’ disease.
  • Tremors: Overstimulation of the nervous system causes fine hand tremors.

Hypothyroidism:

  • Bradycardia: Reduced thyroid hormone slows metabolism and heart rate.
  • Weight Gain: Decreased metabolism leads to fat accumulation.
  • Dry Coarse Skin: Reduced metabolism causes decreased sweat and oil production, leading to dry skin.

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