A patient with a serum sodium level of 120 mEq/L is at risk for which condition? (Normal Sodium: 135-145 mEq/L)

Seizures

Hyperreflexia

Bradycardia

Hypertension

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

(A) Seizures: Severe hyponatremia (Na+ < 120 mEq/L) can cause cerebral edema, leading to increased intracranial pressure and seizures.

(B) Hyperreflexia: More common in hypernatremia or hypocalcemia, not hyponatremia.

(C) Bradycardia: Severe hyponatremia usually causes tachycardia, not bradycardia.

(D) Hypertension: Hyponatremia often leads to hypotension due to fluid shifts.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

(A) Hypertonic Fluids: Would worsen hypernatremia by increasing sodium levels.

(B) Isotonic Fluids: These help with volume depletion but do not effectively reduce sodium levels.

(C) Colloid Infusions: Used for hypovolemia but do not correct sodium imbalances.

(D) Hypotonic Fluids: A sodium level of 155 mEq/L (hypernatremia) indicates dehydration, and hypotonic fluids (e.g., 0.45% NaCl) help shift water into cells and lower sodium levels.

A. Sickle Cell Anemia B. Huntington's disease C. Marfan Syndrome D. ABO blood type inheritance

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

(A) Sickle Cell Anemia: Follows incomplete dominance, where the heterozygous trait has a milder phenotype.

(B) Huntington’s Disease: Follows autosomal dominant inheritance, not co-dominance.

(C) Marfan Syndrome: Is an autosomal dominant disorder, not co-dominance.

(D) ABO Blood Type Inheritance: Co-dominance means both alleles are fully expressed. In ABO blood types, a person with AB blood has both A and B antigens expressed equally.

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A patient with a serum sodium level of 120 mEq/L is at risk for which condition? (Normal Sodium: 135-145 mEq/L)

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