Which diuretic is most appropriate for treating a patient with increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?
Hydrochlorothiazide
Spironolactone
Furosemide
Mannitol
The Correct Answer is D
(A) Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic used for hypertension, not ICP.
(B) Spironolactone: A potassium-sparing diuretic used for heart failure, not ICP.
(C) Furosemide: A loop diuretic that reduces fluid overload but is not the first choice for ICP management.
(D) Mannitol: An osmotic diuretic that reduces brain swelling by drawing fluid out of the brain and into the bloodstream.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
(A) 0.45% NaCl (Hypotonic Fluid): Used for mild dehydration but can cause fluid shifts leading to cerebral edema.
(B) 3% NaCl (Hypertonic Fluid): Used for severe hyponatremia, not dehydration.
(C) Lactated Ringer’s (LR): This isotonic fluid replaces lost fluids and electrolytes, making it the best choice for severe dehydration, especially in patients with electrolyte imbalances.
(D) D5W: Initially isotonic but becomes hypotonic once glucose is metabolized, leading to fluid shifts into cells, worsening dehydration.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]
Explanation
(A) Thirst: The body increases thirst to compensate for high sodium levels and prevent dehydration.
(B) Seizures: Severe hypernatremia causes neurological symptoms like seizures due to cerebral dehydration.
(C) Dry Mucous Membranes: Water loss leads to dry oral mucosa.
(E) Muscle Weakness: Electrolyte imbalances affect neuromuscular function, leading to weakness.
(D) Bradycardia: Hypernatremia is more likely to cause tachycardia due to dehydration and hypovolemia.
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