A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents with dyspnea and wheezing. What is the most appropriate initial nursing intervention to manage these symptoms?

Provide oral hydration

Teach the patient pursed-lip breathing

Initiate corticosteroid therapy

Administer a short-acting beta-agonist (SABA)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Oral hydration is important for overall health and to thin secretions, but it is not the immediate intervention to address dyspnea and wheezing in COPD.

B. Pursed-lip breathing is a helpful technique for managing chronic symptoms of COPD and improving airflow, but it is not the first step in managing acute symptoms like dyspnea and wheezing.

C. Corticosteroid therapy may be part of the treatment for COPD exacerbations, but it is not the initial intervention for acute symptoms. It is typically used after bronchodilators like SABA have been administered.

D. A short-acting beta-agonist (SABA), such as albuterol, is the first-line treatment for acute dyspnea and wheezing in COPD. It works by relaxing the bronchial muscles, opening the airways, and improving airflow.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Rhonchi are low-pitched, coarse sounds heard during both inspiration and expiration. They are typically associated with mucus or secretions in the larger airways and do not match the description of high-pitched squeaking sounds.

B. Wheezes are high-pitched, continuous sounds heard primarily during expiration. They result from narrowed airways, which are characteristic of asthma. The description provided matches wheezes, making this the correct documentation.

C. Stridor is a high-pitched sound heard predominantly during inspiration and is associated with upper airway obstruction. It does not match the description of sounds heard during exhalation.

D. Crackles are discontinuous, popping sounds heard during inspiration and are associated with fluid in the alveoli or smaller airways. They do not match the high-pitched squeaking sounds described.

A. Hypertension B. Hypoglycemia C. Polyuria D. Oral candidiasis

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Hypertension is not a common adverse effect of Beclomethasone, an inhaled corticosteroid. Systemic effects like hypertension are rare with inhaled forms due to minimal systemic absorption.

B. Hypoglycemia is not associated with Beclomethasone use. Corticosteroids are more likely to cause hyperglycemia, but this is uncommon with inhaled formulations.

C. Polyuria is not an expected side effect of Beclomethasone. It is more commonly associated with conditions like diabetes or diuretics.

D. Oral candidiasis (thrush) is a common adverse effect of inhaled corticosteroids like Beclomethasone. The medication can suppress local immunity in the oral mucosa, leading to fungal overgrowth. Clients should be advised to rinse their mouth after each use to reduce this risk.

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A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents with dyspnea and wheezing. What is the most appropriate initial nursing intervention to manage these symptoms?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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