A patient with leukocytosis, fever and left lower quadrant (LLQ) pain will most likely have a diagnosis of

appendicitis

Barrett's esophagus.

diverticulitis

irritable bowel syndrome

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Appendicitis: Appendicitis typically presents with right lower quadrant pain, not LLQ pain.

B. Barrett's esophagus: Barrett's esophagus is a condition associated with chronic GERD and does not cause leukocytosis, fever, or LLQ pain.

C. Diverticulitis: Diverticulitis often presents with LLQ pain, fever, and leukocytosis due to inflammation or infection of the diverticula in the colon.

D. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): IBS may cause abdominal pain, but it does not cause fever or leukocytosis, and the pain is typically relieved with defecation and not localized to the LLQ.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. The brain cells became edematous because of a blood to tissue shift of fluid: This describes cerebral edema, which is not typically caused by hyperglycemia.

B. Hyperinsulinemia caused hypoglycemia and a tonic-clonic seizure: The scenario describes hyperglycemia, not hypoglycemia.

C. The brain cells became dehydrated because of fluid shifting out of the cells:. In hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS), extremely high blood glucose leads to increased serum osmolality, causing water to move out of brain cells, leading to dehydration and altered consciousness.

D. Fluid volume overload caused higher pressure in the brain tissue: Fluid volume overload is not the primary issue in this scenario; rather, dehydration is the concern due to hyperglycemia.

A. Tetany of the hands with a positive Chvostek sign B. Polyuria, sweating and dry mucous membranes C. Forgetfulness, depression and anemia D. Nervousness, irritability, and diarrhea

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Tetany of the hands with a positive Chvostek sign: Tetany and a positive Chvostek sign are more associated with hypocalcemia rather than Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

B. Polyuria, sweating, and dry mucous membranes: These symptoms are more indicative of hyperthyroidism or diabetes rather than hypothyroidism, which is characteristic of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

C. Forgetfulness, depression, and anemia: Hashimoto's thyroiditis, which causes hypothyroidism, can lead to symptoms like forgetfulness, depression, and anemia due to reduced thyroid hormone levels.

D. Nervousness, irritability, and diarrhea: These symptoms are associated with hyperthyroidism rather than hypothyroidism.

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