Which factor is linked to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Obesity, age over 40 and female gender.

Accelerated gastric emptying

Incompetent rectal sphincter

Drinking 12 cans of beer per day.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Obesity, age over 40, and female gender: While obesity and age can be risk factors for GERD, gender alone is not a significant factor. Excessive alcohol consumption, as indicated in option D, is a stronger link to GERD.

B. Accelerated gastric emptying: This is incorrect. GERD is more commonly associated with delayed gastric emptying or increased acid production rather than accelerated gastric emptying.

C. Incompetent rectal sphincter: This is incorrect. GERD is associated with an incompetent lower esophageal sphincter, not the rectal sphincter.

D. Drinking 12 cans of beer per day: Excessive alcohol consumption can relax the lower esophageal sphincter and increase the risk of GERD by allowing stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Appendicitis: Appendicitis typically presents with right lower quadrant pain, not LLQ pain.

B. Barrett's esophagus: Barrett's esophagus is a condition associated with chronic GERD and does not cause leukocytosis, fever, or LLQ pain.

C. Diverticulitis: Diverticulitis often presents with LLQ pain, fever, and leukocytosis due to inflammation or infection of the diverticula in the colon.

D. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): IBS may cause abdominal pain, but it does not cause fever or leukocytosis, and the pain is typically relieved with defecation and not localized to the LLQ.

A. Decreased respirations and CO2 retention B. Seizures and extreme tachycardia C. Constipation and a swollen abdomen D. Hypotension and bradycardia

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Decreased respirations and CO2 retention: A thyrotoxic crisis (thyroid storm) typically involves increased, not decreased, respiratory rates and CO2 retention due to increased metabolic activity.

B. Seizures and extreme tachycardia: Thyrotoxic crisis is characterized by severe symptoms including extreme tachycardia, fever, and potentially seizures due to excessive thyroid hormone levels.

C. Constipation and a swollen abdomen: Constipation and abdominal swelling are more typical of hypothyroidism rather than a thyrotoxic crisis.

D. Hypotension and bradycardia: Thyrotoxic crisis usually causes tachycardia and hypertension rather than bradycardia and hypotension.

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Which factor is linked to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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