A patient with SIADH asks the nurse why he has gained 10 pounds. Which response is best?

"You are retaining a lot of sodium and potassium and that causes you to gain water weight"

"Your kidneys are not working correctly, so they can't get rid of extra water from your system"

"The syndrome causes an increase in appetite. As soon as you are effectively treated, the weight should drop back to normal for you."

"You have too much of a hormone in your system that causes you to retain water. The extra 10 pounds is likely water weight."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. "You are retaining a lot of sodium and potassium, and that causes you to gain water weight.": SIADH involves dilutional hyponatremia, not retention of sodium and potassium.

B. "Your kidneys are not working correctly, so they can't get rid of extra water from your system.": SIADH results from excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), not kidney dysfunction.

C. "The syndrome causes an increase in appetite. As soon as you are effectively treated, the weight should drop back to normal for you.": SIADH causes water retention, not increased appetite.

D. "You have too much of a hormone in your system that causes you to retain water. The extra 10 pounds is likely water weight.": This accurately explains that excess ADH leads to water retention, causing weight gain.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Hypernatremia: Addison’s disease causes low aldosterone levels, leading to hyponatremia rather than hypernatremia.

B. Hypotension: Addison's disease causes insufficient cortisol and aldosterone, resulting in fluid loss and low blood pressure, especially in stress or postoperative states.

C. Bradycardia: Addison’s disease does not typically affect heart rate directly, though hypotension may cause a compensatory increase in heart rate (tachycardia).

D. Hypokalemia: Addison's disease leads to hyperkalemia due to low aldosterone levels, which reduce potassium excretion by the kidneys.

A. Ketoacidosis B. Hypoglycemia C. Nephropathy D. Hyperglycemia

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Ketoacidosis: DKA presents with symptoms like polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration, and fruity breath, not lightheadedness and sweating.

B. Hypoglycemia. Symptoms like sweating, tachycardia, lightheadedness, and shakiness indicate hypoglycemia, a common complication in type 1 diabetes.

C. Nephropathy: Nephropathy is a chronic complication of diabetes and does not present with these acute symptoms.

D. Hyperglycemia: Hyperglycemia causes symptoms like thirst, frequent urination, and fatigue but does not typically cause sweating or shakiness.

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A patient with SIADH asks the nurse why he has gained 10 pounds. Which response is best?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

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