A patient's ABG results are: pH 7.50, PCO2 25, HCO3 25, PO2 80. Which finding should the nurse expect as the body compensates for the acid-base imbalance?

The kidneys will excrete more HCO3 into the urine.

The respiratory system will increase RR.

The kidneys will create more HCO3.

The respiratory system will decrease respiratory rate (RR).

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. While the kidneys do excrete HCO3 to help in metabolic compensation, this process is slower than respiratory compensation.

B. An increase in respiratory rate would further decrease CO2, worsening the alkalosis rather than compensating for it.

C. Creating more HCO3 would not compensate for respiratory alkalosis and would actually increase the pH further.

D. The body will decrease the respiratory rate to retain more CO2, helping to lower the pH and partially correct the alkalosis.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Aortic atherosclerosis and mitral insufficiency could lead to some symptoms of congestion but would not fully explain jugular venous distension and liver congestion.

B. Aortic valve stenosis and left heart failure primarily affect left-sided heart function, which typically does not present with jugular venous distension or peripheral edema.

C. Bronchogenic cancer and diaphoresis do not explain the cardiovascular symptoms present in this case.

D. Pulmonic valve stenosis can lead to right heart failure, causing systemic venous congestion, which results in JVD, liver congestion, ascites, and ankle edema, thus accounting for all aspects of the patient's presentation.

A. use of accessory muscles for breathing. B. bronchial-lining swelling that prevents ease of exhalation. C. destruction of elastic recoil properties of the lungs. D. difficulty with inhalation due to stiff alveoli that have filled with fluid.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Accessory muscle use is a response to respiratory distress, not the underlying cause of asthma symptoms.

B. Asthma causes inflammation and swelling of the bronchial lining, which narrows the airways and makes it difficult to exhale air from the lungs, leading to prolonged expiration and wheezing.

C. Destruction of elastic recoil is associated with chronic lung conditions like emphysema, not asthma.

D. Stiff alveoli and fluid-filled lungs are more characteristic of restrictive lung diseases or pulmonary edema, not asthma.

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A patient's ABG results are: pH 7.50, PCO2 25, HCO3 25, PO2 80. Which finding should the nurse expect as the body compensates for the acid-base imbalance?

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