A patient presents with acute oliguria. Lab tests are done to pinpoint the cause. The nurse believes the patient has developed intra-renal acute kidney injury (AKI), based on which typical finding?

Serum creatinine (Cr.): 0.6-1.2

A 24-hour urine creatinine clearance test result that is higher than normal.

A serum creatinine of 0.5.

Casts present in the urinalysis.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Serum creatinine levels within the normal range (0.6-1.2) do not specifically indicate intra-renal AKI.

B. A high 24-hour creatinine clearance is not typically associated with intra-renal AKI, as kidney injury often leads to decreased filtration and clearance.

C. A low serum creatinine level (0.5) would generally indicate good kidney function rather than AKI.

D. Casts in the urine are indicative of damage within the kidney tubules, which is a characteristic finding of intra-renal AKI, often due to cellular injury or necrosis within the kidney itself.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Hypokalemia causes hyperpolarization, not hypopolarization, making it more difficult for cells to reach an action potential.

B. Hypokalemia does not stimulate the vagus nerve but can lead to arrhythmias.

C. While hypokalemia can cause arrhythmias, it usually leads to tachycardia or other irregular rhythms rather than a bradycardic rate of 40 beats per minute.

D. Low potassium levels can lead to tachycardia (e.g., a heart rate of 150 beats per minute) and other dangerous arrhythmias due to increased irritability of cardiac cells.

A. accessory muscle use, nasal flaring, and wheezing on exhalation B. a normal respiratory rate, thick mucus plugs, and clubbing of the fingers C. fever, a barking cough, increased respiratory rate, and stridor D. frothy pink sputum, crackles on auscultation, and a weak cough

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Accessory muscle use and nasal flaring may occur, but wheezing on exhalation is more typical in lower respiratory issues, such as asthma.

B. Thick mucus plugs and clubbing of the fingers are often associated with chronic conditions like cystic fibrosis, not croup.

C. Croup is a viral illness commonly presenting with fever, a characteristic “barking” cough, increased respiratory rate, and inspiratory stridor due to upper airway obstruction.

D. Frothy pink sputum and crackles are more indicative of pulmonary edema rather than croup.

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A patient presents with acute oliguria. Lab tests are done to pinpoint the cause. The nurse believes the patient has developed intra-renal acute kidney injury (AKI), based on which typical finding?

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