A nurse is examining an overweight elderly man and notices cyanosis and clubbing of the fingers. The nurse suspects _ and requests a _.

hypertension; vision test

left heart failure; b-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)

aspiration pneumonia; arterial blood gas (ABG)

chronic bronchitis; peak flow

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Hypertension may contribute to cardiovascular issues, but it does not typically cause cyanosis or clubbing.

B. Left heart failure often leads to symptoms like dyspnea and fluid retention but does not commonly cause clubbing of the fingers.

C. Aspiration pneumonia may cause respiratory symptoms, but clubbing is more associated with chronic hypoxia, seen in conditions like chronic bronchitis.

D. Chronic bronchitis, often seen in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), can cause long-term hypoxia, leading to cyanosis and clubbing of the fingers. A peak flow test can assess respiratory function and airflow limitations associated with chronic bronchitis.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Chronic bronchitis leads to airway obstruction due to thickened bronchial walls and excess mucus production, resulting in entrapped air and impaired gas exchange.

B. While chronic inflammation is a component, thin secretions are not characteristic of chronic bronchitis; they are typically thick.

C. Decreased surface area of the alveolocapillary membrane is more relevant in emphysema, not specifically in chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways.

D. Respiratory alkalosis and decreased PCO2 are not indicative of chronic bronchitis; instead, respiratory acidosis is often seen due to airway obstruction and retention of CO2.

A. oxygen intake B. strengthening of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles C. carbon dioxide elimination D. mucus removal

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Although pursed-lip breathing may indirectly aid oxygen intake by preventing airway collapse, its primary benefit is to help with carbon dioxide removal.

B. Pursed-lip breathing does not directly strengthen respiratory muscles; it primarily helps with breath control.

C. In emphysema, air trapping occurs due to loss of lung elasticity. Pursed-lip breathing helps slow exhalation, which creates back pressure and assists in expelling trapped carbon dioxide.

D. Mucus removal is more effectively facilitated by other techniques like controlled coughing; pursed-lip breathing focuses on prolonged exhalation.

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A nurse is examining an overweight elderly man and notices cyanosis and clubbing of the fingers. The nurse suspects _____ and requests a _____.

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Correct Answer is A

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A nurse is examining an overweight elderly man and notices cyanosis and clubbing of the fingers. The nurse suspects _ and requests a _.