A nurse is examining an overweight elderly man and notices cyanosis and clubbing of the fingers. The nurse suspects _ and requests a _.

hypertension; vision test

left heart failure; b-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)

aspiration pneumonia; arterial blood gas (ABG)

chronic bronchitis; peak flow

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Hypertension may contribute to cardiovascular issues, but it does not typically cause cyanosis or clubbing.

B. Left heart failure often leads to symptoms like dyspnea and fluid retention but does not commonly cause clubbing of the fingers.

C. Aspiration pneumonia may cause respiratory symptoms, but clubbing is more associated with chronic hypoxia, seen in conditions like chronic bronchitis.

D. Chronic bronchitis, often seen in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), can cause long-term hypoxia, leading to cyanosis and clubbing of the fingers. A peak flow test can assess respiratory function and airflow limitations associated with chronic bronchitis.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. In PAD, the pulses in the legs are often weak or absent, not bounding.

B. Pedal edema is more commonly associated with venous insufficiency rather than PAD, and elevating the legs may not alleviate the edema.

C. Loss of leg hair and shiny skin are classic signs of PAD due to reduced blood flow to the extremities, which leads to skin changes and hair loss.

D. Incompetent valves and venous insufficiency are more related to conditions such as chronic venous insufficiency, not PAD.

A. low preload. B. pleural effusion. C. peripheral edema. D. pulmonary edema.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Preload is typically increased in LHF, as blood backs up in the left side of the heart.

B. Although pleural effusion can occur as a secondary complication in some cases of heart failure, it is not as directly indicative of LHF as pulmonary edema.

C. Peripheral edema is more characteristic of right heart failure, where blood backs up in the systemic circulation.

D. Pulmonary edema is a hallmark finding in left heart failure as the left ventricle fails to pump effectively, causing fluid to accumulate in the lungs due to back pressure from the left atrium into the pulmonary veins.

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A nurse is examining an overweight elderly man and notices cyanosis and clubbing of the fingers. The nurse suspects _____ and requests a _____.

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A nurse is examining an overweight elderly man and notices cyanosis and clubbing of the fingers. The nurse suspects _ and requests a _.