A patient's record states that the patient needs dialysis for end-stage renal disease. What is a sign that is indicative of this diagnosis?

Excessive urine output

Excessive hematocrit count

Excessive liver enzymes

Excessive metabolic waste

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Excessive metabolic waste is a sign of end-stage renal disease, which is the final stage of chronic kidney disease that causes irreversible loss of kidney function and requires dialysis or transplantation to sustain life. End-stage renal disease can cause uremia, which is a buildup of waste products such as urea, creatinine, potassium, phosphate, and acid in the blood that can affect various organs and systems in the body.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Chronic bronchitis is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that causes inflammation and excess mucus production in the bronchial tubes. The main risk factor for chronic bronchitis is smoking. The symptoms of chronic bronchitis include chronic cough with sputum, cyanosis (bluish skin due to low oxygen levels), and tachypnea (rapid breathing). Steroid inhalation is one of the treatments for chronic bronchitis, as it helps reduce inflammation and improve airflow.

A. Activation of platelets B. Activation of coagulation mediators C. Activation of the renin-angiotensin system D. Activation of rapid cell proliferation

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a hormonal system that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance. When blood pressure is low, the kidneys secrete renin, which converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I, which is then converted into angiotensin II by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor that narrows blood vessels and increases blood pressure. It also stimulates the release of aldosterone, which increases sodium and water retention and further raises blood pressure. When the RAS is overactivated, it can lead to a hypertensive crisis, which is a severe elevation of blood pressure that can damage organs and cause stroke, heart attack, or kidney failure.

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A patient's record states that the patient needs dialysis for end-stage renal disease. What is a sign that is indicative of this diagnosis?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which process leads to the development of a hypertensive crisis?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A patient experiences significant blood loss after surgery, which raises the osmolarity of the bloodstream. Which fluid changes are expected to occur within this patient's body as a result?

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Which factor contributes to thrombus formation?

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Older adults generally mount lower immune responses to vaccines. Which age-related change is likely to contribute to these lower immune responses?

A 55-year-old patient is in the dialysis clinic for acute renal failure treatment. The nurse connects the patient to an artificial kidney, which removes waste material from the blood Which treatment will the patient's chart indicate?

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