A person is being evaluated for SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormon. Which of the following would be expected with a positive diagnosis?
hyponatremia
hyperkalemia
hypernatremia
hypokalemia
The Correct Answer is A
A. Hyponatremia: SIADH involves excessive release of antidiuretic hormone, causing water retention and dilution of sodium in the blood. This results in low serum sodium levels, which is a hallmark finding in SIADH. Hyponatremia can lead to symptoms such as confusion, nausea, and seizures if severe.
B. Hyperkalemia: Hyperkalemia is an elevated potassium level, which is not a characteristic finding in SIADH. Potassium balance is generally maintained unless there is concurrent renal dysfunction or other electrolyte disturbances. It does not contribute to the diagnosis of SIADH.
C. Hypernatremia: Hypernatremia indicates high sodium levels, which occurs with water loss or dehydration. In SIADH, water retention dilutes sodium, making hypernatremia inconsistent with this condition.
D. Hypokalemia: Hypokalemia is low potassium in the blood, which may occur in conditions causing potassium loss, such as vomiting or diuretic use. It is not a direct feature of SIADH, and potassium levels are usually normal unless other factors intervene.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is E
Explanation
A. Electrocardiogram: An ECG records the electrical activity of the heart and is useful for detecting arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and ischemic changes. It does not provide detailed information about structural changes in the heart.
B. Angiogram: An angiogram visualizes the coronary arteries to detect blockages or stenosis. While it provides information about blood flow, it does not directly show the overall anatomy or structural changes of the heart chambers and walls.
C. Auscultation: Auscultation allows the nurse or clinician to assess heart sounds, murmurs, and rhythm. It provides functional information rather than a direct view of anatomical structures.
D. Blood tests: Blood tests, such as cardiac enzymes or BNP, help assess cardiac function and detect myocardial injury or heart failure. They do not reveal anatomical changes in the heart.
E. Chest X-ray: A chest X-ray allows visualization of the heart’s size, shape, and position, as well as the major vessels. It can detect structural abnormalities such as cardiomegaly, heart chamber enlargement, or pulmonary congestion related to cardiac disease, making it helpful for observing anatomical changes.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Increased risk of colon cancer: Chronic inflammation of the colon in ulcerative colitis predisposes clients to dysplasia and an elevated risk of colorectal cancer. The risk increases with disease duration and extent, making regular surveillance essential.
B. Malabsorption in small intestine: Ulcerative colitis primarily affects the colon and rectum. Malabsorption is more characteristic of Crohn’s disease, which can involve the small intestine and impair nutrient absorption.
C. Development of fistulas: Fistula formation is common in Crohn’s disease due to transmural inflammation, whereas ulcerative colitis involves only the mucosa and submucosa, making fistulas rare.
D. Skip lesions: Skip lesions, or patchy areas of inflammation separated by normal tissue, are typical of Crohn’s disease. Ulcerative colitis usually presents with continuous inflammation starting from the rectum, not skip lesions.
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