A preceptor is educating a new graduate nurse about barbiturates. The preceptor states, "Barbiturates were once widely used but are now rarely prescribed." Which follow-up statement by the preceptor best explains why barbiturates are not as commonly used today?
"Barbiturates carry a higher risk of dependence and overdose compared to other sedative-hypnotics."
"Barbiturates are more expensive than newer medications like benzodiazepines, which limits their use."
"Barbiturates have been replaced because they are less effective than over-the-counter sleep aids."
"Barbiturates are safer for long-term use compared to other sedatives, but they have limited availability."
The Correct Answer is A
A. "Barbiturates carry a higher risk of dependence and overdose compared to other sedative-hypnotics.": Barbiturates have a narrow therapeutic index, and overdose can lead to fatal respiratory depression. Their high abuse potential and severe withdrawal symptoms make them less favorable than safer alternatives like benzodiazepines.
B. "Barbiturates are more expensive than newer medications like benzodiazepines, which limits their use.": Cost is not the primary reason for their reduced use. In fact, many barbiturates are inexpensive. Their safety profile and high risk of fatal overdose are the major concerns.
C. "Barbiturates have been replaced because they are less effective than over-the-counter sleep aids.": Barbiturates are actually very potent sedative-hypnotics. However, their risks outweigh their benefits. OTC sleep aids are less effective but considered safer for short-term use.
D. "Barbiturates are safer for long-term use compared to other sedatives, but they have limited availability.": Barbiturates are not safer for long-term use. They are associated with tolerance, dependence, cognitive impairment, and severe withdrawal, which is why their use has been largely replaced.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. "Opioid-induced constipation typically resolves on its own after a few weeks of treatment.": This is incorrect. Unlike other opioid side effects such as nausea or sedation, constipation does not typically resolve over time. It often persists and requires proactive management throughout opioid therapy.
B. "Avoid physical activity to prevent exacerbating your back pain.": While activity should be adjusted to the patient’s condition, light physical activity like walking actually helps stimulate bowel function. Complete avoidance of movement can worsen constipation.
C. "Start taking stool softeners along with your opioid medication.": This is the most appropriate advice. Prophylactic use of stool softeners or stimulant laxatives is recommended when initiating opioid therapy, as constipation is a nearly universal side effect due to slowed gastrointestinal motility.
D. "You should wait to see if constipation develops before taking any specific measures.": Waiting for constipation to develop can lead to discomfort and complications like fecal impaction. Preventive strategies should be started as soon as opioid treatment begins.
Correct Answer is ["42"]
Explanation
Total volume to be infused = 250 mL
Total infusion time = 90 minutes
Drop factor = 15 gtt/mL
- Calculate the flow rate in drops per minute (gtt/min):
Flow rate (gtt/min) = (Total volume (mL) × Drop factor (gtt/mL)) / Total infusion time (minutes)
= (250 mL × 15 gtt/mL) / 90 minutes
= 3750 gtt / 90 minutes
= 41.666... gtt/min
- Round to the nearest whole number:
Rounded flow rate = 42 gtt/min
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