A public health nurse is educating a newly licensed nurse about sensitivity and specificity using a two-by-two table. Which of the following statements by the newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of the table related to true positives?
"True positives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person does not have the disease and the test indicates disease."
"True positives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person has the disease and the test indicates the person has the disease."
"True positives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person has the disease and the test does not indicate disease."
"True positives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person does not have the disease and the test does not indicate disease."
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A: "True Positives are Represented in the Table Cell that Indicates the Person Does Not Have the Disease and the Test Indicates Disease."
This statement is incorrect. In a two-by-two table used to evaluate diagnostic tests, the cell representing true positives is where both the test result and the actual disease status are positive. This cell indicates that the test correctly identified individuals who have the disease. The statement here describes a false positive, where the test indicates disease, but the person does not actually have it.
Choice B: "True Positives are Represented in the Table Cell that Indicates the Person Has the Disease and the Test Indicates the Person Has the Disease."
This statement is correct. True positives are indeed represented in the cell where both the test result and the actual disease status are positive. This means the test has correctly identified individuals who have the disease. This cell is crucial for calculating the sensitivity of the test, which measures the proportion of actual positives correctly identified by the test.
Choice C: "True Positives are Represented in the Table Cell that Indicates the Person Has the Disease and the Test Does Not Indicate Disease."
This statement describes a false negative, where the person has the disease, but the test fails to detect it. This cell is used to calculate the test's sensitivity, but it does not represent true positives. False negatives are critical to understand because they indicate cases where the test missed the disease.
Choice D: "True Positives are Represented in the Table Cell that Indicates the Person Does Not Have the Disease and the Test Does Not Indicate Disease."
This statement describes true negatives, where the test correctly identifies individuals who do not have the disease. While true negatives are important for calculating the specificity of the test, they do not represent true positives. Specificity measures the proportion of actual negatives correctly identified by the test.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: "Although I live in the country, my neighbor takes me shopping each week. It takes about 10 minutes for us to drive to the nearest grocery store."
This statement indicates that the client has access to a grocery store within a reasonable driving distance, even though they rely on a neighbor for transportation. While this situation may present some challenges, it does not fit the definition of a food desert, which is characterized by limited access to affordable and nutritious food.
Choice B reason: "Sometimes I get food from the Salvation Army food pantry that is about a half a mile from my house."
This statement suggests that the client has access to a food pantry relatively close to their home. While relying on food pantries can indicate food insecurity, it does not necessarily mean the client lives in a food desert. Food deserts are defined by the lack of access to grocery stores that provide fresh and nutritious food.
Choice C reason: "I am able to walk to a grocery store that is 5 blocks away from my apartment."
This statement indicates that the client has convenient access to a grocery store within walking distance. This accessibility does not align with the characteristics of a food desert, where residents typically have to travel long distances to reach a grocery store.
Choice D reason: "I cannot always afford ride-share services to get to the nearest store, which is 30 minutes away from where I live."
This statement fits the definition of a food desert. The client has to travel a significant distance to reach the nearest grocery store and faces financial barriers to accessing transportation. This limited access to grocery stores that provide fresh and nutritious food is a key characteristic of food deserts.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Improving their education level could provide the client with a broad selection of coverage plans to choose from. While higher education can lead to better job opportunities and potentially better health insurance options, the direct link between education and the variety of coverage plans is not as strong as the link between education and employment opportunities that offer better benefits.
Choice B Reason:
Returning to school could help a client get a job that allows them to gain access to health insurance that provides more coverage or better benefits. This rationale is based on the idea that higher education often leads to better job prospects. Many jobs that require higher education levels also offer comprehensive health insurance benefits. By improving their education, clients can qualify for positions that provide better health coverage, thus improving their overall health outcomes.
Choice C Reason:
Increasing their education level will help the client be approved for program assistance from certain nonprofit organizations. While some nonprofit organizations may offer assistance based on educational attainment, this is not a common or primary reason for improving health outcomes through education. The focus is more on the employment and insurance benefits that come with higher education.
Choice D Reason:
Returning to school can enable students to be eligible to receive grant money set aside for this purpose. While grants and financial aid can support educational pursuits, they do not directly improve health outcomes. The primary benefit of returning to school in this context is the potential for better employment opportunities and health insurance coverage, not the financial aid itself.
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