A recent immigrant from Honduras comes to the clinic with a family member who has been a U.S. resident for 10 years.
The family member says, "The immigration to America has been very difficult.”. What type of stress is noted?

Choice A rationale

Eastern cultural traditions, such as traditional Chinese medicine and Ayurveda, often view health and disease as a dynamic balance of forces within the body, such as yin and yang or the three doshas. Disease is not always seen as having a single, stable cause but rather as a manifestation of imbalance. This perspective differs significantly from the Western biomedical model, which relies on a linear cause-and-effect relationship to explain illness.

Choice B rationale

Indigenous cultural traditions typically attribute disease to a complex interplay of spiritual, social, and environmental factors. Healing practices often involve ceremonies, rituals, and the restoration of harmony between the individual and their community or nature. The concept of reality and disease causation in this framework is highly interconnected and holistic, rather than being based on a single, stable, and scientifically verifiable cause in the biomedical sense.

Choice C rationale

The Western cultural tradition, heavily influenced by the biomedical model, is characterized by a belief in a stable reality where diseases have identifiable, single, or multiple causes. This tradition is founded on the scientific method, which seeks to establish clear cause-and-effect relationships. This perspective views illness as a biological malfunction caused by pathogens, genetic factors, or other physical agents, allowing for targeted medical interventions and diagnoses.

Choice D rationale

The term "Southern" is not a standard cultural or philosophical tradition used in this context. While it could refer to various regional cultures, it does not represent a unified framework for understanding reality and disease causation in the same way that Eastern, Indigenous, or Western traditions do. Therefore, it is an inappropriate choice in this comparison of established cultural paradigms.

Choice A rationale

The initial phase of the nurse-patient relationship, known as the orientation phase, is where data collection and problem identification occur. During this phase, the nurse and client establish a rapport and define the purpose and goals of their interaction. This is a foundational step, distinct from termination, which focuses on the conclusion of the relationship. The termination phase involves summarizing and evaluating progress made.

Choice B rationale

The termination phase of the therapeutic relationship involves a systematic review of the entire nurse-patient interaction. This includes summarizing the progress made, identifying the client's new coping skills, and discussing the client's feelings about the end of the relationship. This process helps solidify the client's gains and prepares them for continued self-management after discharge, promoting independence.

Choice C rationale

Arranging for a transfer to a long-term care facility is a component of discharge planning, but it is not the primary focus of the termination phase itself. Discharge planning involves interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure a safe transition for the client. The termination phase is a distinct psychological and therapeutic process that concludes the one-on-one relationship between the nurse and the client.

Choice D rationale

Relationship parameters, such as the purpose, rules, and boundaries of the interaction, are established during the orientation phase. This phase sets the stage for a therapeutic alliance, differentiating it from a social relationship. The termination phase, in contrast, focuses on the conclusion of the established relationship and the planning for the client’s future beyond the nurse's care.