A researcher is preparing a timeline for a new study. At which point in the design process should the researcher seek approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
During the time that the study assumptions are being described.
Before the study methodology is actually implemented.
As soon as a list of potential research problems is identified.
Just before the findings are disseminated.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Seeking IRB approval during the time that study assumptions are being described may be premature, as the study methodology has not yet been finalized.
B. IRB approval should be sought before the study methodology is implemented to ensure that ethical standards are met and participant rights are protected throughout the research process.
C. Seeking IRB approval as soon as a list of potential research problems is identified may be premature, as the study design and methodology may still undergo revisions.
D. Waiting until just before the findings are disseminated to seek IRB approval is too late in the research process and may pose ethical concerns if participant rights were not adequately protected throughout the study.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Longitudinal studies involve observing the same subjects over an extended period to assess changes over time. The study described involves comparing two groups (control and experimental) at one point in time, rather than observing changes in the same subjects over time.
B. Quasi-experimental studies resemble experimental designs but lack random assignment to groups or lack control over certain variables. The study described involves random assignment to groups (control and experimental), making it an experimental design rather than quasi-experimental.
C. Descriptive studies involve observing and describing phenomena without manipulating variables or testing hypotheses. The study described involves manipulation of the independent variable (instruction type) and comparison of outcomes, making it experimental rather than descriptive.
D. Experimental studies involve manipulating an independent variable to observe its effect on a dependent variable while controlling for other variables. The study described involves randomly assigning subjects to control and experimental groups, manipulating the type of instruction, and comparing knowledge levels before and after the intervention, indicating an experimental design.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. This statement is not accurate; it is overly simplified and does not accurately represent the statistical significance.
B. The correct interpretation is that the finding is significant at the 0.001 level, indicating a very low probability that the results occurred by chance alone.
C. The findings may be statistically significant, but this does not necessarily mean they are conclusive; additional research may be needed.
D. This statement does not accurately represent the level of significance indicated by the p-value.
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