A round or oval opening through bone tissue is called a:
Foramen
Fossa
Meatus
Sinus
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: A foramen is a round or oval opening through a bone that allows the passage of nerves and blood vessels. It is a common anatomical feature found in various bones, such as the foramen magnum in the occipital bone or the infraorbital foramen in the maxilla.
Choice B reason: A fossa is a shallow depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface or a site for muscle attachment. It does not serve as a passageway like a foramen.
Choice C reason: A meatus is a canal-like passageway through a bone, such as the external auditory meatus in the temporal bone. While it is a passage, it is more elongated and tunnel-like than a round or oval opening.
Choice D reason: A sinus is a cavity within a bone, typically filled with air and lined with mucous membrane, such as the paranasal sinuses. It is not an opening for passage but rather a hollow space.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Epiphysis and diaphysis refer to regions of a long bone—the ends and shaft respectively—not to the coverings of bone surfaces.
Choice B reason: This reverses the anatomical regions but still does not address the coverings of bone surfaces.
Choice C reason: Compact bone and spongy bone are types of bone tissue, not the membranes that line or cover bone surfaces.
Choice D reason: The periosteum is a dense fibrous membrane that covers the external surface of bones, providing attachment points for tendons and ligaments and housing blood vessels and nerves. The endosteum lines the internal surfaces, including the medullary cavity, and plays a role in bone growth and remodeling.
Choice E reason: This reverses the correct anatomical relationship. The endosteum lines the internal surface, not the external.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: The humerus is the upper arm bone and articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula, not the acetabulum.
Choice B reason: The patella is the kneecap and articulates with the femur, not the acetabulum.
Choice C reason: The acetabulum is the deep socket in the pelvic bone that articulates with the head of the femur, forming the hip joint. This ball-and-socket configuration allows for a wide range of motion and stability.
Choice D reason: The tibia is the larger bone of the lower leg and articulates with the femur at the knee joint and the talus at the ankle. It does not connect to the acetabulum.
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