A school nurse is planning a presentation about identifying potential warning signs of suicide for high school students. Which of the following examples of behaviors should the nurse include in the teaching?

A. Severe feelings of restlessness. This describes akathisia, a different extrapyramidal side effect of antipsychotics.

B. Permanent involuntary movements of the face, tongue, and extremities. Tardive dyskinesia is characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements, often affecting the mouth, face, and limbs, and is a long-term side effect of antipsychotic medications.

C. Muscle rigidity and spasms. This describes dystonia, another extrapyramidal symptom, but not tardive dyskinesia.

D. Symptoms that resemble Parkinson's disease. This describes drug-induced parkinsonism, which involves tremors, bradykinesia, and rigidity, not the repetitive movements seen in tardive dyskinesia.

A. Hypotension, urinary retention, and blurred vision: These symptoms are more characteristic of anticholinergic toxicity rather than serotonin syndrome.

B. Dizziness, lethargy, and headache: These symptoms are non-specific and do not define serotonin syndrome, which involves neuromuscular, autonomic, and mental status changes.

C. Hypomania, arrhythmias, and panic attacks:. While serotonin syndrome can cause agitation, it does not cause hypomania (a mild form of mania). Arrhythmias can occur but are not a hallmark symptom.

D. Confusion, restlessness, tachycardia, and diaphoresis: Serotonin syndrome is characterized by mental status changes (confusion, agitation), autonomic instability (tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia), and neuromuscular abnormalities (hyperreflexia, tremors, clonus).