A student ask the pharmacology instructor to describe the function of cholinergic agonist. What would be the instructor's reply?

It decreases the activity of norepinephrine receptor sites

It increases the activity of acetylcholine receptor site

It decreases the activity of GABA receptor sites

It increases the activity of dopamine receptor sites

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A) It decreases the activity of norepinephrine receptor sites: Cholinergic agonists specifically act on acetylcholine receptors, not norepinephrine receptors. Norepinephrine is associated with the sympathetic nervous system and its receptors (alpha and beta), whereas cholinergic agonists affect the parasympathetic system through acetylcholine receptors.
B) It increases the activity of acetylcholine receptor sites: This is the correct answer. Cholinergic agonists work by stimulating acetylcholine receptors (both muscarinic and nicotinic), thereby enhancing the action of acetylcholine. This can lead to various effects such as decreased heart rate, increased digestion, and muscle contraction, as part of the parasympathetic nervous system response.
C) It decreases the activity of GABA receptor sites: GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that acts on GABA receptors, not acetylcholine receptors. Cholinergic agonists have no direct effect on GABA receptor activity.
D) It increases the activity of dopamine receptor sites: Dopamine is a neurotransmitter primarily involved in the reward system, motor control, and mood regulation. Cholinergic agonists do not directly affect dopamine receptors. Instead, they target acetylcholine receptors, which are part of the parasympathetic nervous system.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) Decreased sweating, decreased BP, and increased heart rate: This combination does not reflect a typical stress response. In stressful or threatening situations, the body activates the sympathetic nervous system, leading to increased sweating, elevated blood pressure, and other physiological changes, rather than a decrease in blood pressure.
B) Increased sweating, decreased respiratory rate, and increased BP: In a stressful situation, sweating would indeed increase due to the activation of the sympathetic nervous system. However, the respiratory rate would typically increase, not decrease, as the body prepares for the "fight or flight" response. Increased blood pressure is expected, but decreased respiratory rate does not align with this response.
C) Pupil constriction, increased respiratory rate, and decreased heart rate: Pupil constriction is not characteristic of the "fight or flight" response; instead, pupil dilation occurs as part of the body's preparation to react to a threat. Increased respiratory rate and heart rate are typically seen during stress, but decreased heart rate would not be expected in such a situation.
D) Increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, and pupil dilation: This is the correct response. When faced with a threatening situation, the body activates the sympathetic nervous system, triggering the "fight or flight" response. This includes increased blood pressure and heart rate to prepare the body for action, as well as pupil dilation (mydriasis) to enhance vision and perception of the environment. These changes help the body respond quickly to a perceived danger.

A. Reversal of bronchoconstriction B. Reversal of tachycardia C. Treatment of alcohol independence D. Treatment of narcotic dependence

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) Reversal of bronchoconstriction: Narcotic antagonists are not used to reverse bronchoconstriction. Bronchoconstriction is typically managed with bronchodilators (such as beta-agonists) or corticosteroids. Narcotic antagonists, such as naloxone, specifically counteract the effects of opioids, not respiratory conditions like bronchoconstriction.

B) Reversal of tachycardia: Narcotic antagonists do not have an effect on reversing tachycardia. Tachycardia may result from various conditions, including stimulant use, dehydration, or heart conditions. Treatment for tachycardia typically involves addressing the underlying cause, such as using beta-blockers for cardiac issues, but not narcotic antagonists.

C) Treatment of alcohol dependence: While certain medications, like disulfiram or acamprosate, are used to treat alcohol dependence, narcotic antagonists are not typically indicated for alcohol dependence. Narcotic antagonists, such as naloxone, are primarily used for opioid overdose or dependence, not for alcohol use disorders.

D) Treatment of narcotic dependence: Narcotic antagonists, such as naloxone, are prescribed in the treatment of narcotic (opioid) dependence. These medications work by blocking the effects of opioids at the receptor sites, thereby preventing the "high" associated with opioid use. They are particularly useful in treating opioid overdoses and can also be used in the management of opioid addiction as part of a comprehensive treatment plan.

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A student ask the pharmacology instructor to describe the function of cholinergic agonist. What would be the instructor's reply?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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