A student is reviewing a client's medications for osteoporosis. Which medication(s) will have the least effect in increasing the client's bone mass?

Choice A reason: Reporting any pain that is uncontrolled by elevating the affected limb or by analgesic agents is an appropriate teaching point for the nurse to emphasize, as it may indicate a serious complication such as compartment syndrome, infection, or nerve damage. The nurse should instruct the client to notify the health care provider immediately if the pain persists or worsens.

Choice B reason: Using intermittent heat packs as prescribed to control swelling is not an appropriate teaching point for the nurse to emphasize, as it may increase the blood flow and inflammation in the affected area. The nurse should advise the client to avoid heat sources such as heating pads, hot water bottles, or electric blankets, as they may also damage the cast or cause burns.

Choice C reason: Using a small hair brush to control any itching under the cast is not an appropriate teaching point for the nurse to emphasize, as it may cause skin irritation, infection, or damage to the cast. The nurse should suggest the client to use a cool air dryer, a gentle tapping, or an antihistamine to relieve the itching, and to avoid inserting any objects under the cast.

Choice D reason: Keeping the affected extremity below the level of the heart to prevent swelling is not an appropriate teaching point for the nurse to emphasize, as it may impair the venous return and increase the edema. The nurse should recommend the client to elevate the affected extremity above the level of the heart to reduce the swelling and promote the healing.

Choice E reason: Inspecting the cast daily for cracks, breaks, or signs of infection is not an appropriate teaching point for the nurse to emphasize, as it is not a specific or relevant instruction for the client with a cast on his leg. The nurse should teach the client to keep the cast dry and clean, to cover it with a plastic bag when showering or bathing, and to report any foul odor, drainage, or fever.

Choice A reason: Pain management is not a key information to include in the education plan for a client with psoriasis, as psoriasis is not usually a painful condition. It may cause itching, burning, or soreness, but these are not severe enough to require pain medication.

Choice B reason: Watching skin every hour to prevent infection is not a realistic or necessary information to include in the education plan for a client with psoriasis, as psoriasis is not an infectious condition. It is an autoimmune disorder that causes the skin cells to grow faster than normal, resulting in thick, scaly, red patches on the skin.

Choice C reason: Avoiding public places until symptoms subside is not a helpful or appropriate information to include in the education plan for a client with psoriasis, as psoriasis is not a contagious condition. It does not pose a risk to others, and isolating oneself may worsen the client's mental and emotional health.

Choice D reason: Antifungal ointment will not be part of the long-term management for a client with psoriasis, as psoriasis is not a fungal infection. It is an immune-mediated condition that requires different types of treatments, such as topical steroids, vitamin D analogues, phototherapy, or biologics.

Choice E reason: Moisturizing skin regularly and avoiding triggers is a correct information to include in the education plan for a client with psoriasis, as it helps to reduce the dryness, scaling, and inflammation of the skin. Triggers may vary from person to person, but some common ones are stress, infections, cold weather, alcohol, smoking, or certain medications.