A student nurse is reviewing clinical manifestations of chronic kidney disease. Which of the following findings are consistent with this diagnosis? (Select all that apply)

Hypokalemia

Anemia

Hypertension

Crackles in the lungs

Lethargy

Proteinuria

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,E,F

Choice A: Hypokalemia, or low potassium levels in the blood, is not typically associated with CKD. In fact, patients with advanced CKD are more likely to experience hyperkalemia, which is an elevated potassium level, due to the kidneys’ decreased ability to excrete potassium. The normal range for serum potassium is 3.5 to 5.0 mmol/L.

Choice B: Anemia is a common finding in CKD and is due to the kidneys’ reduced production of erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells. Symptoms of anemia include fatigue, weakness, and pale skin. The normal range for hemoglobin in adults is 13.8 to 17.2 grams per deciliter for men and 12.1 to 15.1 grams per deciliter for women.

Choice C: Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is both a cause and a complication of CKD. The kidneys play a crucial role in regulating blood pressure, and as their function declines, hypertension becomes more common. The normal range for blood pressure is typically considered to be 120/80 mmHg.

Choice D: Crackles in the lungs Crackles in the lungs are not a direct manifestation of CKD, but they can occur if the condition leads to fluid overload and heart failure, resulting in pulmonary edema. This is a secondary complication rather than a direct symptom of CKD.

Choice E: Lethargy and a general feeling of malaise are common in CKD due to the buildup of toxins and waste products in the blood that the kidneys can no longer effectively filter out. This can also lead to decreased mental sharpness and a reduced quality of life.

Choice F: Proteinuria, or the presence of excess protein in the urine, is a hallmark sign of CKD. It indicates damage to the kidneys’ filtering units, allowing protein that would normally be retained to leak into the urine. Persistent proteinuria is a sign of chronic kidney damage.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Asterixis, also known as “liver flap,” is a type of tremor characterized by rapid, nonrhythmic extensions and flexions in the wrist and fingers. It is associated with hepatic encephalopathy, a condition that can occur with severe liver disease, but it is not a direct indicator of low albumin levels.

Choice B reason: Peripheral edema is a common clinical finding in patients with hypoalbuminemia, which is a low level of albumin in the blood. When albumin levels are low, fluid from the bloodstream can leak into body tissues, causing swelling, especially in the lower limbs. When assessing a client with liver disease and low albumin levels, palpating for peripheral edema would be the most relevant nursing assessment, as it directly correlates with the effects of hypoalbuminemia on fluid balance in the body. Albumin is a protein made by the liver that helps keep fluid in your blood vessels and plays a role in transporting substances throughout your body. Low levels of albumin can lead to fluid leaking out of blood vessels into tissues, causing swelling or edema.

Choice C reason: Decreased level of consciousness can be a sign of various conditions, including hepatic encephalopathy or other complications of liver disease, but it is not specifically indicative of low albumin levels.

Choice D reason: Petechiae are small red or purple spots caused by bleeding into the skin and may be associated with various conditions, including liver disease, but they are not a specific sign of low albumin levels.

Correct Answer is ["167"]

Explanation

- Step 1: Identify the client's weight in pounds. The client weighs 245 lbs.

- Step 2: Convert the client's weight from pounds to kilograms. We know that 1 kg = 2.2 lbs. So, 245 lbs = 245 ÷ 2.2 kg. Calculating the division gives us approximately 111.36 kg.

- Step 3: Identify the prescribed dose in mg/kg. The client is scheduled to receive 1.5 mg/kg of enoxaparin.

- Step 4: Calculate the total dose in mg. We can do this by multiplying the client's weight in kg by the prescribed dose in mg/kg:

- Total dose = 1.5 mg/kg × 111.36 kg.

- Calculating the multiplication gives us approximately 167.04 mg.

- Step 5: Round the total dose to the nearest whole number. Rounding 167.04 gives us 167.

administer 167 mg of enoxaparin per dose.

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A student nurse is reviewing clinical manifestations of chronic kidney disease. Which of the following findings are consistent with this diagnosis? (Select all that apply)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is reviewing laboratory test results for the client with liver disease and notes that the client's albumin level is low. Which nursing assessment indicates low albumin levels?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Correct Answer is ["167"]

Explanation

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