A summer camp nurse is educating a group of adolescent girls on the importance of regular physical exercise. Which level of preventive care does this activity represent?

Choice A rationale:
The physical dimension encompasses the tangible, biological aspects of an individual, including age, race, gender, genetic inheritance, anatomy, and physiological processes.
Here's a detailed breakdown of how each of these factors aligns with the physical dimension in the context of the patient's hypertension:
Age:
Hypertension is more prevalent in older adults due to natural changes in the cardiovascular system, such as stiffening of arteries and decreased elasticity.
The patient's age of 68 years places him within this higher-risk category.
Race:
African Americans have a disproportionately higher risk of hypertension and related complications compared to other racial groups.
This disparity is attributed to a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors. Gender:
While both men and women experience hypertension, men tend to develop it earlier in life and have a higher lifetime risk.
This difference is partially due to hormonal influences and lifestyle factors.
Genetic inheritance:
Hypertension often has a significant genetic component.
Individuals with a family history of hypertension are more likely to develop the condition themselves, suggesting a role of inherited genes in blood pressure regulation.
Choice B rationale:
The emotional dimension focuses on psychological and mental aspects, including feelings, thoughts, behaviors, and coping mechanisms.
While emotions can certainly influence blood pressure and overall health, they are not directly categorized under the physical dimension in this context.
Choice C rationale:
The environmental dimension addresses external factors that impact health, such as access to healthcare, social support, exposure to pollutants, and community resources.
While these factors can indirectly contribute to hypertension risk, they are not inherent physical characteristics of the individual.
Choice D rationale:
The holistic dimension encompasses a comprehensive view of health, integrating physical, emotional, spiritual, social, and environmental aspects.
While holistic care is essential for managing hypertension, the question specifically asks about the dimension that age, race, gender, and genetic inheritance exemplify, which is most accurately aligned with the physical dimension.

Choice A rationale:
Anxiety is a valid concern for any client undergoing surgery, but it is not the priority nursing diagnosis in this case. The client's risk for infection is more pressing due to the following factors:
Large surgical wound: Wounds provide a potential entry point for pathogens.
Obesity: Excess adipose tissue can impair wound healing and increase the risk of infection.
Corticosteroid medications: These medications suppress the immune system, making it more difficult for the body to fight off infection.
Choice B rationale:
Self-care Deficit may be a concern if the client has difficulty caring for the surgical wound or maintaining hygiene due to obesity. However, it is not the priority diagnosis in this case. The focus should be on preventing infection, which would also help to address any self-care deficits.
Choice D rationale:
Risk for Imbalanced Nutrition is a relevant diagnosis for a client who has had colon surgery, as they may experience changes in appetite, digestion, or absorption of nutrients. However, it is not the priority diagnosis in this scenario. Preventing infection is crucial to ensure proper wound healing and overall recovery.
Choice C rationale:
Risk for Infection is the priority nursing diagnosis for this client due to the following risk factors: Large surgical wound: The wound provides a potential entry point for bacteria and other pathogens.
Obesity: Excess adipose tissue can impair wound healing by reducing blood flow to the area and increasing the risk of wound dehiscence (separation of wound edges). This can create a favorable environment for bacterial growth.
Corticosteroid medications: These medications suppress the immune system, making it more difficult for the body to fight off infection.
Nursing interventions to address Risk for Infection:
Assess the wound regularly for signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, warmth, pain, or purulent drainage. Implement strict aseptic technique when caring for the wound.
Teach the client about proper wound care and hygiene practices.
Monitor the client for signs of systemic infection, such as fever, chills, or malaise. Administer antibiotics as prescribed.
Encourage adequate nutrition and hydration to support wound healing.
Collaborate with the healthcare team to manage the client's risk factors for infection.