A nurse is examining the urine output of a client with Parkinson’s disease who is on the medication Levodopa. Which of the following is a common observation for a client on this medication?

Choice A rationale:
Laissez-faire leadership involves a hands-off approach, where the leader relinquishes much of the decision-making power to the group. This style is less suitable for time-sensitive, high-stakes situations like the one described in the question, where prompt action and clear direction are crucial.
In this case, the nurse took a more proactive and directive role, which is characteristic of autocratic leadership.
While laissez-faire leadership can be effective in certain contexts, it would not have been the most appropriate approach in this particular situation.
Choice B rationale:
Autocratic leadership is characterized by a strong focus on control and centralized decision-making. The leader typically makes decisions independently and expects followers to comply with instructions.
This style can be effective in situations that require quick action and clear direction, such as emergencies or crises. In the scenario presented, the nurse's actions align with autocratic leadership:
The nurse immediately took charge of the situation, directing colleagues to notify the physician and starting intravenous fluids. These actions demonstrate a clear sense of authority and control, which are key elements of autocratic leadership.
While autocratic leadership can sometimes be perceived as overly controlling, it was necessary in this situation to ensure the client's safety and well-being.
Choice C rationale:
Democratic leadership involves a more collaborative approach, where the leader seeks input from followers and encourages participation in decision-making.
This style can be effective in building consensus and fostering teamwork, but it may not be as efficient in situations that require urgent action.
In this case, the nurse did not have time to engage in extensive consultation or discussion. They needed to act quickly and decisively to address the client's needs.
Therefore, democratic leadership would not have been the most appropriate style in this context.
Choice D rationale:
Transformational leadership focuses on inspiring and motivating followers to achieve common goals. Transformational leaders encourage creativity, innovation, and personal growth.
This style can be effective in promoting long-term organizational change and development.
However, in the immediate crisis situation described in the question, the nurse's primary focus was on addressing the client's immediate needs, rather than on fostering long-term change or transformation.
Therefore, transformational leadership would not have been the most suitable style for this particular scenario.

Completing the Full Course of Antibiotics Is Essential to Prevent Recurrence and Antibiotic Resistance:

Eradication of Bacteria: Even though symptoms may have resolved, it's crucial to continue the full course of antibiotics to ensure complete eradication of the bacteria causing the UTI. Incomplete treatment can lead to:

Recurrence: Bacteria that haven't been fully eliminated can repopulate and cause a relapse of the infection. Antibiotic Resistance: Bacteria can develop resistance to the antibiotic, making future infections more difficult to treat. Specific Considerations for Nitrofurantoin:

Bacterial Suppression: Nitrofurantoin works primarily in the bladder, so it's essential to maintain adequate levels for a sufficient duration to fully suppress bacterial growth and prevent reinfection.

Delayed Symptom Resolution: In some cases, symptom resolution may lag behind bacterial eradication. Continuing the full course ensures treatment even if symptoms haven't completely subsided.