A ten-month-old infant has been diagnosed with HIV. The nurse knows that:
The mother must be mandatorily tested.
The infant should begin ART after turning 12 months old.
The infant should be immediately placed on antiretroviral therapy, or ART.
Once the infant has a clinical manifestation of AIDS, then ART should begin.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: This is not a correct statement. The mother should be offered testing, but not forced to do so. However, the nurse should explain the benefits of testing and treatment for the mother and the infant.
Choice B reason: This is not a correct statement. The infant should not wait until 12 months old to begin ART. According to the World Health Organization, all infants diagnosed with HIV should start ART as soon as possible, regardless of their age or clinical stage¹.
Choice C reason: This is the correct statement. The infant should be immediately placed on ART to reduce the risk of disease progression, opportunistic infections, and mortality. Early initiation of ART can also improve the infant's growth, development, and quality of life.
Choice D reason: This is not a correct statement. The infant should not wait until they have a clinical manifestation of AIDS to begin ART. Delaying ART can increase the risk of irreversible damage to the immune system, organ failure, and death.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Mild abdominal pain is not an urgent finding in a child who had emergency reduction for intussusception. It is expected that the child may have some discomfort after the procedure, which can be managed with analgesics and comfort measures. Mild abdominal pain does not indicate a recurrence or complication of intussusception.
Choice B reason: Currant jelly stools are a serious finding in a child who had emergency reduction for intussusception. They are a sign of bowel ischemia and necrosis, which can lead to perforation and peritonitis. Currant jelly stools are stools mixed with blood and mucus, which have a red or purple color and a jelly-like consistency. They are caused by the pressure of the intussuscepted bowel segment on the blood vessels, resulting in bleeding and inflammation. Currant jelly stools indicate that the intussusception has not been completely reduced or has recurred, and require immediate medical attention.
Choice C reason: Axillary temperature of 37.3°C is not an alarming finding in a child who had emergency reduction for intussusception. It is within the normal range for an axillary temperature, which is usually lower than the oral or rectal temperature. A slight elevation of temperature may also be due to the stress of the procedure or a mild infection, which can be treated with antibiotics and fluids. Axillary temperature of 37.3°C does not suggest a serious complication of intussusception.
Choice D reason: BP of 100/54 is not a worrisome finding in a child who had emergency reduction for intussusception. It is within the normal range for a 10-month-old child, which is about 90/60 mmHg. A slight variation of blood pressure may also be influenced by factors such as activity, emotion, pain, or medication. BP of 100/54 does not indicate a problem with the child's circulation or cardiac function.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is not the correct answer, as the dose of cefotaxime is not safe for the child. The dose of cefotaxime is 700 mg IV q6 hrs, which means 2800 mg per day. The safe dose range for cefotaxime is 50-200 mg/kg/day, which means 1000-4000 mg per day for a 20 kg child. The dose of cefotaxime is above the safe dose range and may cause toxicity or adverse effects.
Choice B reason: This is the correct answer, as the dose of cefotaxime is not safe for the child. The dose of cefotaxime is 700 mg IV q6 hrs, which means 2800 mg per day. The safe dose range for cefotaxime is 50-200 mg/kg/day, which means 1000-4000 mg per day for a 20 kg child. The dose of cefotaxime is above the safe dose range and may cause toxicity or adverse effects.
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