A ten-month-old infant has been diagnosed with HIV. The nurse knows that:
The mother must be mandatorily tested.
The infant should begin ART after turning 12 months old.
The infant should be immediately placed on antiretroviral therapy, or ART.
Once the infant has a clinical manifestation of AIDS, then ART should begin.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: This is not a correct statement. The mother should be offered testing, but not forced to do so. However, the nurse should explain the benefits of testing and treatment for the mother and the infant.
Choice B reason: This is not a correct statement. The infant should not wait until 12 months old to begin ART. According to the World Health Organization, all infants diagnosed with HIV should start ART as soon as possible, regardless of their age or clinical stage¹.
Choice C reason: This is the correct statement. The infant should be immediately placed on ART to reduce the risk of disease progression, opportunistic infections, and mortality. Early initiation of ART can also improve the infant's growth, development, and quality of life.
Choice D reason: This is not a correct statement. The infant should not wait until they have a clinical manifestation of AIDS to begin ART. Delaying ART can increase the risk of irreversible damage to the immune system, organ failure, and death.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is not a correct statement, as treatment for atopic dermatitis includes keeping the skin moist, not dry. Dry skin can worsen the itching and inflammation of eczema. Moisturizers, emollients, and topical steroids can help hydrate and protect the skin¹.
Choice B reason: This is not a correct statement, as there is no cure for atopic dermatitis. It is a chronic condition that can flare up and subside over time. Treatment can help control the symptoms and prevent complications, but it cannot eliminate the disease¹.
Choice C reason: This is not a correct statement, as atopic dermatitis is not directly associated with upper respiratory tract infections. However, some infants with atopic dermatitis may also have asthma or allergic rhinitis, which can increase the risk of respiratory infections².
Choice D reason: This is the correct statement, as atopic dermatitis is associated with allergy with a hereditary tendency. It is a type of hypersensitivity reaction that involves the immune system and the skin barrier. It is more common in infants who have a family history of eczema, asthma, or hay fever¹².
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is not a correct statement, as delaying dental visits until the child's heart defect is fully repaired is not advisable. Dental visits are important for maintaining oral hygiene and preventing dental caries, which can increase the risk of infective endocarditis. The child should have regular dental check-ups and follow the dentist's recommendations for oral care¹.
Choice B reason: This is not a correct statement, as administration of daily prophylactic antibiotics is not recommended for prevention of infective endocarditis. Daily antibiotics can cause adverse effects, such as allergic reactions, diarrhea, or yeast infections. They can also lead to antibiotic resistance, which can make the treatment of infective endocarditis more difficult².
Choice C reason: This is the correct statement, as administration of antibiotics one hour prior to any dental procedure is recommended for prevention of infective endocarditis. Dental procedures can cause bleeding and release bacteria into the bloodstream, which can infect the damaged heart valves or tissues. Antibiotics can help prevent or reduce the bacterial growth and prevent infective endocarditis¹².
Choice D reason: This is not a correct statement, as high dose IV antibiotics for 29 weeks is not a preventive measure, but a treatment option for infective endocarditis. IV antibiotics are given to eradicate the infection and prevent complications, such as heart failure or stroke. The duration of treatment depends on the type and severity of the infection, but it usually ranges from 4 to 6 weeks²³.
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