A trauma patient arrives in the emergency department via EMS, bleeding profusely from a wound on the left lower extremity. A medical alert necklace indicates he is on heparin therapy. The nurse will most likely administer which medication to counteract the action of heparin?

Choice A reason: Aerobic exercise for 30 minutes most days (150 minutes weekly) lowers blood pressure by improving vascular function and reducing cardiac workload. This is a correct recommendation, as it aligns with hypertension guidelines, promoting cardiovascular health in a 55-year-old patient.

Choice B reason: Limiting alcohol to one drink per day reduces blood pressure, as excessive alcohol raises it by increasing vascular resistance. This is a correct recommendation, supporting hypertension management by minimizing alcohol’s adverse effects on cardiovascular function in the patient.

Choice C reason: A diet high in saturated fats increases cholesterol and blood pressure, worsening hypertension. Low-saturated-fat diets, like DASH, are recommended, making this incorrect, as the nurse should teach reducing saturated fats to improve cardiovascular outcomes in hypertension.

Choice D reason: Losing weight if overweight reduces blood pressure by decreasing vascular resistance and cardiac strain. This is a correct recommendation, as weight loss is a key lifestyle change for hypertension management, improving overall cardiovascular health in the patient.

Choice E reason: Increasing processed food intake is incorrect, as these foods are high in sodium, raising blood pressure. A low-sodium diet is recommended for hypertension, making this an incorrect choice, as the nurse should teach avoiding processed foods to control blood pressure.

Choice A reason: Diuretics manage fluid overload in patent ductus arteriosus but are not the primary intervention. Respiratory distress from increased pulmonary flow is the main complication, requiring oxygen and monitoring. Diuretics are supportive, making this less critical than addressing immediate respiratory needs in infants.

Choice B reason: Patent ductus arteriosus causes left-to-right shunting, increasing pulmonary blood flow and risking respiratory distress. Monitoring respiratory status and administering oxygen as needed prevent hypoxemia and support gas exchange, making this the most appropriate intervention to address the primary complication in infants with this condition.

Choice C reason: Frequent feedings promote weight gain but do not address the primary complication of patent ductus arteriosus, which is pulmonary overcirculation leading to respiratory distress. Nutritional support is secondary to managing respiratory status, making this an incorrect primary intervention for preventing complications.

Choice D reason: Chest physiotherapy enhances lung expansion but is not specific to patent ductus arteriosus complications, which primarily involve pulmonary congestion from shunting. Respiratory monitoring and oxygen therapy directly address hypoxemia, making physiotherapy a less appropriate intervention compared to managing acute respiratory needs.