________ act as hydrogen acceptors during cellular respiration.
mRNA and tRNA
Pyruvic acid and acetyl CoA
FAD and NAD
ADP and ATP
The Correct Answer is C
A. mRNA and tRNA: These molecules function in protein synthesis rather than energy metabolism. mRNA carries genetic instructions from DNA, and tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome, so they do not play a role in hydrogen transfer during respiration.
B. Pyruvic acid and acetyl CoA: Both are metabolic intermediates within cellular respiration. Pyruvic acid is produced from glycolysis, and acetyl CoA enters the Krebs cycle, but neither directly serves as hydrogen acceptors in redox reactions.
C. FAD and NAD: These coenzymes act as crucial hydrogen acceptors during cellular respiration. NAD⁺ accepts hydrogen to form NADH, and FAD accepts hydrogen to form FADH₂, both of which carry high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain.
D. ADP and ATP: ADP and ATP function as energy carriers, with ATP storing energy in its high-energy phosphate bonds. They do not accept hydrogens but instead act in phosphorylation to transfer and store cellular energy.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is E
Explanation
A. areolar CT:Areolar connective tissue provides support and flexibility beneath epithelial layers but does not line tubular structures like the kidney tubules.
B. simple columnar ET:Simple columnar epithelium is specialized for absorption and secretion in areas like the gastrointestinal tract. Its taller cells are not suited for the thin, absorptive lining required in kidney tubules.
C. nonkeratinized stratified squamous ET:This epithelium protects against abrasion in areas such as the esophagus and oral cavity, but its multiple layers and thickness make it inappropriate for kidney tubules where rapid exchange occurs.
D. simple squamous ET:Simple squamous epithelium allows rapid diffusion and is found in structures like the glomerulus, but it is too thin for the majority of the kidney tubules, which require more absorptive and secretory capacity.
E. simple cuboidal ET:Simple cuboidal epithelium forms the lining of most kidney tubules. Its cube-shaped cells provide the surface area necessary for absorption and secretion while maintaining a single-cell layer for efficient transport of substances.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. simple cuboidal epithelium:Simple cuboidal epithelium is commonly found in glands and kidney tubules where secretion and absorption occur. It does not line blood vessels or play a role in preventing clot formation.
B. transitional epithelium:Transitional epithelium is specialized for stretching and is found in the urinary bladder and ureters. It is not present in blood or lymphatic vessels, so it does not influence clot prevention.
C. mesothelium:Mesothelium lines body cavities such as the pleura, peritoneum, and pericardium. Its function is to reduce friction between organs, not to maintain smooth blood flow within vessels.
D. endothelium:Endothelium is the thin layer of simple squamous epithelium lining blood and lymphatic vessels. A healthy endothelium provides a smooth, non-thrombogenic surface that prevents clots from adhering to the vessel wall.
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