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________ act as hydrogen acceptors during cellular respiration.

A.

mRNA and tRNA

B.

Pyruvic acid and acetyl CoA

C.

FAD and NAD

D.

ADP and ATP

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. mRNA and tRNA: These molecules function in protein synthesis rather than energy metabolism. mRNA carries genetic instructions from DNA, and tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome, so they do not play a role in hydrogen transfer during respiration.

B. Pyruvic acid and acetyl CoA: Both are metabolic intermediates within cellular respiration. Pyruvic acid is produced from glycolysis, and acetyl CoA enters the Krebs cycle, but neither directly serves as hydrogen acceptors in redox reactions.

C. FAD and NAD: These coenzymes act as crucial hydrogen acceptors during cellular respiration. NAD⁺ accepts hydrogen to form NADH, and FAD accepts hydrogen to form FADH₂, both of which carry high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain.

D. ADP and ATP: ADP and ATP function as energy carriers, with ATP storing energy in its high-energy phosphate bonds. They do not accept hydrogens but instead act in phosphorylation to transfer and store cellular energy.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. intercalated discs:Intercalated discs connect cardiac muscle cells and contain desmosomes and gap junctions. Desmosomes provide mechanical strength to prevent cells from pulling apart during contractions, while gap junctions allow coordinated electrical signaling.

B. stroma:Stroma refers to the supportive connective tissue framework in organs. While it provides general support, it does not directly prevent cardiac muscle cells from separating during contraction.

C. myofilaments:Myofilaments, including actin and myosin, generate the contractile force in muscle cells. They are essential for contraction but do not provide structural adhesion between cells.

D. flana:Flana is not a recognized anatomical or histological structure in cardiac tissue, so it has no role in maintaining the cohesion of heart muscle cells.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. G1 (gap 1):During G1, the cell grows and performs normal metabolic activities. Organelles are duplicated, but DNA replication does not occur in this phase.

B. G2 (gap 2):G2 follows DNA synthesis and involves further cell growth and preparation for mitosis, including the production of proteins needed for cell division. DNA replication has already been completed by this point.

C. S (synthesis):The S phase is dedicated to DNA replication. Each chromosome is duplicated to ensure that the resulting daughter cells receive an identical copy of the genetic material.

D. metaphase:Metaphase is a stage of mitosis, not interphase. During metaphase, replicated chromosomes align at the cell’s equatorial plane in preparation for separation.

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