After a cleft lip repair, a child is receiving formula feedings through a syringe. The child's parent is participating in care. Which of these actions by the parent indicates a need for further instructions about feeding the child? The caregiver:.

Choice A rationale:

Neck vein distention might be seen in conditions affecting venous return to the heart, such as heart failure, but it's not a specific symptom of closed head injury.

Choice B rationale:

Fixed, dilated pupils are a classic sign of increased intracranial pressure. The pressure can compress the cranial nerves, leading to changes in pupillary size and reactivity.

Choice C rationale:

Shortness of breath is more related to respiratory issues and might not be directly linked to a closed head injury.

Choice D rationale:

Glycosuria, the presence of glucose in the urine, is not a primary symptom of closed head injury. It could be related to diabetes or other metabolic conditions.

Choice A rationale:

Children with nephrotic syndrome are at an increased risk of infection due to loss of immunoglobulins and other immune-related proteins in the urine, along with the use of immunosuppressive medications. The proteinuria associated with nephrotic syndrome leads to hypoalbuminemia and decreased immunity, making the child susceptible to infections, particularly bacterial peritonitis. Preventive measures include proper hand hygiene, maintaining a clean environment, and timely administration of prescribed antibiotics.

Choice B rationale:

Hypertension is not a primary complication of nephrotic syndrome in children. While they may have fluid retention and edema, resulting in increased blood pressure, infection is a more significant concern.

Choice C rationale:

Weight loss is not a typical complication of nephrotic syndrome but rather the opposite. Children with nephrotic syndrome often experience weight gain due to fluid retention and edema.

Choice D rationale:

Hyperkalemia is a possible electrolyte imbalance in nephrotic syndrome, but it is not a primary concern for children with this condition. The loss of protein in the urine can lead to hypoalbuminemia and subsequent edema, but hyperkalemia is not a common initial complication.